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Assessing Bioactivity-Exposure Profiles of Fruits and Vegetables in the BioMAP Profiling System
Citation:
Wetmore, B., R. Clewell, B. Cholewa, B. Parks, S. Pendse, M. Black, K. Mansouri, S. Haider, E. Berg, R. Judson, K. Houck, M. Martin, H. Clewell III, M. Andersen, R. Thomas, AND P. McMullen. Assessing Bioactivity-Exposure Profiles of Fruits and Vegetables in the BioMAP Profiling System. TOXICOLOGY IN VITRO. Elsevier Science Ltd, New York, NY, 54:41-57, (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tiv.2018.09.006
Impact/Purpose:
The comparison of biological activity across a wide range of chemicals—exogenous, endogenous, and naturally occurring compounds—may provide some context to the relevance of responses that occur in high-throughput in vitro testing systems for safety assessment decisions.
Description:
The ToxCast program has generated a broad range of in vitro screening data on over a thousand chemicals to assess potential disruption of important biological processes for hazard identification and chemical testing prioritization. To help interpret and contextualize the ToxCast data, juices were extracted from 30 organically grown fruits and vegetables and tested in concentration-response in the BioMAP® panel of in vitro assays. BioMAP systems use human primary cells primed with endogenous pathway activators (e.g., cytokines, growth factors) to identify phenotypic perturbations related to proliferation, inflammation, immunomodulation, and tissue remodeling. Hierarchical clustering of the bioactivity profiles showed clear separation of the produce extracts and the ToxCast chemicals. Produce extracts elicited an average of 87 assay endpoint responses per item compared to 20 responses per item for the ToxCast chemicals. However, on a molar basis, the produce extracts were 10 to 50-fold less potent and when constrained to the maximum testing concentration of the ToxCast chemicals, the produce extracts did not show activity in as many assay endpoints. When compared on an intake adjusted basis, the bioactivity potential of the produce extracts was higher than that of the agrichemicals, which is consistent with the comparatively small amounts of agrichemical residues present on conventionally grown produce. Taken together, the evaluation of the produce extracts in the BioMAP assays showed qualitative and quantitative differences from the ToxCast chemicals and highlighted potential challenges in the interpretation of bioactivity data from complex mixtures when compared with single chemical samples.
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DOI: Assessing Bioactivity-Exposure Profiles of Fruits and Vegetables in the BioMAP Profiling System