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Through the Looking Glass: In Vitro Models for Inhalation Toxicology and Inter-individual Variability in the Airway
Citation:
Faber, S. AND S. McCullough. Through the Looking Glass: In Vitro Models for Inhalation Toxicology and Inter-individual Variability in the Airway. Applied In Vitro Toxicology. Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., Larchmont, NY, 4(2):115-128, (2018). https://doi.org/10.1089/aivt.2018.0002
Impact/Purpose:
Review of in vitro models used for inhalation toxicology
Description:
With 7 million deaths reported annually from air pollution alone, it is evident that adverse effects of inhaled toxicant exposures remain a major public health concern in the 21st century. Assessment and characterization of the impacts of air pollutants on human health stems from epidemiological and clinical studies, which have linked both outdoor and indoor air contaminant exposure to adverse pulmonary and cardiovascular health outcomes. Studies in animal models support epidemiological findings and have been critical in identifying systemic effects of environmental chemicals on cognitive abilities, liver disease, and metabolic dysfunction following inhalation exposure. Likewise, traditional monoculture systems have aided in identifying biomarkers of susceptibility to inhaled toxicants and served as a screening platform for safety assessment of pulmonary toxicants. Despite their contributions, in vivo and classic in vitro models have not been able to accurately represent the heterogeneity of the human population and account for inter-individual variability in response to inhaled toxicants and susceptibility to the adverse health effects. Development of new technologies that can investigate genetic predisposition, are cost and time efficient, and are ethically sound will enhance elucidation of mechanisms of inhalation toxicity and aid in the development of novel pharmaceuticals and/or safety evaluation. This review will describe the classic and novel cell-based inhalation toxicity models and how these emerging technologies can be incorporated into regulatory or non-regulatory testing to address inter-individual variability and improve overall human health.
URLs/Downloads:
DOI: Through the Looking Glass: In Vitro Models for Inhalation Toxicology and Inter-individual Variability in the Airway