Citation:

Lipscomb, J. Application of Quantitative Dose-Response Data in Risk Assessment and the Incorporation of High-Throughput Data. Chapter 48, Handbook of Developmental Neurotoxicology. Elsevier Inc, Waltham, MA, , 559-572, (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-809405-1.00048-1

Impact/Purpose:

This chapter introduces the concepts and principles of quantitative risk assessment, and highlights important issues relating to the application of findings from in vitro studies in risk assessment. Developmental risk is typically assessed as a threshold event, but is more complicated than other non-cancer toxicities. Reasons include: species are differentially sensitive to chemical insult; the severity of developmental effects differs widely and may be inconsistently treated among risk practitioners, agencies and programs; potentially different interpretations may be given to similar biological effects produced by different chemicals or in different species; the fetus is sensitive to chemical effects via direct contact as well as through indirect effects on the maternal system; the interpretations of findings (and conclusions) from published reports may exceed the intent of the authors; and the often underappreciated differences between the in utero development of the human and common test species. Conclusions of developmental risk should be based on data meeting predefine standards, interpreted within the scope of the assessment conducted, and communicated within the context of the decision at hand. Perhaps the most challenging aspect of quantitative developmental risk assessment is defining adversity and identifying the types of biological measurements deemed applicable.

Description:

Book Chapter—This invited contribution is the concluding chapter of this important reference book. It brings together concepts discussed in preceding chapters so that the reader understands how to quantify and apply reliable findings in health risk assessment decisions.

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