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Effects of multiple life stage exposure to the fungicide prochloraz in Xenopus laevis: Manifestations of antiandrogenic and other modes of toxicity
Citation:
Haselman, J., Pat Kosian, Joe Korte, A. Olmstead, AND S. Degitz. Effects of multiple life stage exposure to the fungicide prochloraz in Xenopus laevis: Manifestations of antiandrogenic and other modes of toxicity. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY. Elsevier Science Ltd, New York, NY, 199:240-251, (2018).
Impact/Purpose:
This work supports the validation of the Tier II Larval Amphibian Growth and Development Assay developed under the US EPA Endocrine Disruptor Screening Program and also provides precedent for antiandrogenic effects of chemicals in amphibians. This work also presents a novel gene expression biomarker of testis dysgenesis that has cross-species relevance with regard to impaired reproductive development.
Description:
The Larval Amphibian Growth and Development Assay (LAGDA) is an internationally harmonized testing guideline for evaluating effects of chronic chemical exposure in amphibians. To evaluate the utility of the assay design during the development phase antiandrogen prochloraz was tested. Exposure was initiated with 5-fold in the 60 and 180 µg/L treatments, respectively indicating an adaptive response to increase Leydig cell differentiation and ultimately increase testosterone production. Overall, prochloraz exposure caused effects characteristic of an antiandrogenic mode of action, which is consistent with previously reported results in other species and supports the utility of the LAGDA design for chemical testing.
