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Sensitivities of Summertime Mesoscale Circulations in the Coastal Carolinas to Modifications of the Kain–Fritsch Cumulus Parameterization
Citation:
Sims, A., Kiran Alapaty, AND S. Raman. Sensitivities of Summertime Mesoscale Circulations in the Coastal Carolinas to Modifications of the Kain–Fritsch Cumulus Parameterization. Monthly Weather Review. American Meteorological Society, Boston, MA, 145(11):4381-4399, (2017).
Impact/Purpose:
Accurate representation of thunderstorm activity is important in air pollution research because the transport of moisture can impact photochemical rates, transport of pollutant affecting air concentrations, and cloud interactions resulting in acid deposition (e.g., Wang and Prinn 2000; Alapaty et al. 2012). The current generation thunderstorm cloud formulations are inadequate for studying air pollution at urban scales. To address this critical issue and to increase the credibility of air pollution studies at urban to regional scales, we have come up with and tested an improvised thunderstorm cloud formulation. With the new formulation, errors in representing thunderstorms are largely reduced paving a way for increased credibility of air quality modeling studies.
Description:
Two mesoscale circulations, the Sandhills circulation and the sea breeze, influence the initiation of deep convection over the Sandhills and the coast in the Carolinas during the summer months. The interaction of these two circulations causes additional convection in this coastal region. Accurate representation of mesoscale convection is difficult as numerical models have problems with the prediction of the timing, amount, and location of precipitation. To address this issue, the authors have incorporated modifications to the Kain–Fritsch (KF) convective parameterization scheme and evaluated these mesoscale interactions using a high-resolution numerical model. The modifications include changes to the subgrid-scale cloud formulation, the convective turnover time scale, and the formulation of the updraft entrainment rates. The use of a grid-scaling adjustment parameter modulates the impact of the KF scheme as a function of the horizontal grid spacing used in a simulation. Results indicate that the impact of this modified cumulus parameterization scheme is more effective on domains with coarser grid sizes. Other results include a decrease in surface and near-surface temperatures in areas of deep convection (due to the inclusion of the effects of subgrid-scale clouds on the radiation), improvement in the timing of convection, and an increase in the strength of deep convection.
