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Cold Temperature Effects on Speciated VOC Emissions from modern GDI Light Duty Truck
Citation:
George, I., M. Hays, R. Snow, J. Faircloth, T. Long, AND R. Baldauf. Cold Temperature Effects on Speciated VOC Emissions from modern GDI Light Duty Truck. Emissions Inventory Conference, Baltimore, MD, August 15 - 18, 2017.
Impact/Purpose:
This presentation highlights new results from AEMD's recently completed vehicle emissions research study involving speciated VOC emission measurements in modern light-study GDI vehicle exhaust. The talk will be given at the Emissions Inventory Conference in Baltimore, MD on August 18, 2017.
Description:
Although gasoline direct injection (GDI) vehicles represent nearly half of the light-duty vehicle market share, few studies have reported speciated volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in GDI vehicle exhaust emissions. In this study, speciated VOC emissions were characterized from three modern GDI light-duty vehicles. The GDI vehicles tested in this study were all from Tier 2 Bin 5 emissions class but utilized different fuel injection technology and engine displacements. Vehicle 1 used a 2.4 liter, naturally aspirated, wall-guided GDI; Vehicle 2 used a 1.8 liter, wall and air guided, turbocharged GDI engine; Vehicle 3 used a 1.5 liter, turbocharged, spray-guided GDI engine. The vehicles were tested on a chassis dynamometer housed in a climate-controlled chamber at two temperatures (-7 and 22 °C) over the EPA Federal Test Procedure (FTP) and a portion of the Supplemental FTP (SFTP) that represents more aggressive driving conditions. The vehicles operated gasoline blended with 10% ethanol. VOC emissions from diluted vehicle exhaust were sampled with SUMMA canisters for EPA Method TO-15 analysis and with 2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) cartridges for carbonyl analysis by EPA Method TO-11A. This presentation will report the impact of ambient cold temperature, driving cycle, and GDI technology on speciated VOC emissions. VOC emission rates will be compared to previously published emissions data and environmental implications will be discussed.