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The Emergy Perspective of Sustainable Trends in Puerto Rico From 1960 to 2013
Citation:
Gonzalez-Mejia, A. AND X. Ma. The Emergy Perspective of Sustainable Trends in Puerto Rico From 1960 to 2013. ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS. Elsevier Science Ltd, New York, NY, 133:11-22, (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2016.11.007
Impact/Purpose:
Emergy analysis quantifies the direct and indirect contribution of nature to human systems, and provides a sustainability assessment framework. The purpose of this study is to assess Puerto Rico’s sustainability by using emergy flow dynamics. Puerto Rico, and other communities, can apply these results and methods to determine if they are moving in a more sustainable direction.
Description:
Emergy analysis quantifies the direct and indirect contributions of nature to human systems providing a sustainability assessment framework, which couples economic growth within biophysical constraints. In this study, Puerto Rico's sustainability was assessed with emergy flow dynamics from 1960 to 2013. During this period, the island shifted from an agriculture-based economy to an industrial base of manufacture and services (1960–1970). The emergy analysis indicated an exponential decline in sustainability during this period. From 1975 to 1992, the island became more industrialized and imported more goods and services. Since 1998, although more renewable production such as forest regeneration occurred, the rapid industrialization heavily relied on imported fossil fuels, goods, and services, resulting in a system that has not been self-sufficient, nor sustainable. The latest economic crisis and the most recently passed financial rescue bill represent an opportunity to redirect Puerto Rico towards a sustainable path with policies that decrease the ratio of imported to exported emergy, and strategies that encourage efficient use of resources and local production based on the utilization of renewable sources within this U.S. territory.
URLs/Downloads:
DOI: The Emergy Perspective of Sustainable Trends in Puerto Rico From 1960 to 2013
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2016.11.007
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