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Methods of targeting animal sources of fecal pollution in water
Citation:
Blanch, A., E. Ballesté, J. Weidhaas, J. Santodomingo, AND H. Ryu. Methods of targeting animal sources of fecal pollution in water. Chapter 3, Manual of Environmental Microbiology, 4th Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC, , 3.4.4-1 - 3.4.4-28, (2015).
Impact/Purpose:
This is a review on the state of sceince of MST for avian fecal sources.
Description:
In this chapter, proposed chemical and biological MST indicators for the determination of animal fecal sources are discussed. The biological indicators are grouped based on the phylogenetic description of the proposed target (eukarya, bacteria, and virus). A comprehensive description for each proposed target is provided and the developed methodologies employed are presented. Emphasis is placed on the validation and applicability of each proposed method and animal-MST indicator. Moreover, each proposed target is critically reviewed concerning environmental factors such prevalence, resistance to different water treatments, and environmental persistence. New molecular approaches for animal-NST targets based on metagenomics are also presented in a specific section by analyzing limitations and strengths at the present stage of the methodology. Finally, MST assay implementation on practical cases, their contribution to the assessment of maximum fecal load of water bodies and their relationship to traditional microbial indicators and water-borne pathogens is examined.
