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Particulate Matter Speciation Profiles for Light-duty Gasoline Vehicles in the United States
Citation:
Sonntag, D. B., R. W. Baldauf, C. A. Yanca, AND C. R. Fulper. Particulate Matter Speciation Profiles for Light-duty Gasoline Vehicles in the United States. JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION. Taylor & Francis Group, London, Uk, 64(5):529-545, (2014).
Impact/Purpose:
Describes development of emission profiles for gasoline light-duty vehicles. These profiles have been integrated into the SPECIATE database
Description:
Representative particulate matter (PM2.5) profiles for particles less than or equal to 2.5 micrometers are estimated from the Kansas City Light-Duty Vehicle Emissions Study for use in the US EPA’s vehicle emission model, the Motor Vehicle Emission Simulator (MOVES). The profiles are compatible with the inputs of current photochemical air quality models including the Community Multiscale Air Quality Aerosol Module Version 6 (AE6). The composition of light-duty gasoline PM2.5 emissions differs significantly between start and running emissions, and between older and newer vehicles, reflecting both impacts of aging/deterioration and changes in vehicle technology. Fleet-average PM2.5 profiles are estimated for start and running emission process. For modeling purposes, single profiles are calculated for all model year groups because the impact of vehicle technology and deterioration could not be decoupled from one another. The profiles are calculated using a weighted average of the PM2.5 composition according to the contribution of PM2.5 emissions from each class of vehicles in the on-road gasoline fleet in the Kansas City Metropolitan Statistical Area. The paper introduces methods to exclude insignificant measurements, correct for organic carbon positive artifact, and control for contamination from the testing environment in developing speciation profiles. The uncertainty of the PM2.5 species fraction in each profile is quantified using sampling survey analysis methods. The primary use of the profiles is to develop PM2.5 emissions inventories for the US, but the profiles may also be used in source apportionment, atmospheric modeling, and exposure assessment, as well as a basis for light-duty gasoline emission profiles for countries with limited data.
