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Urinary Pyrethroid and Chlorpyrifos Metabolite Concentraitons in Northern California families and their relationship to indoor home insecticide levels, part of the Study of Use of Products and Exposure Related Behavior (SUPERB)
Citation:
Trunnelle, K., D. Bennett, N. Tulve, M. Clifton, M. Davis, A. Calafat, R. Moran, D. Tancredi, AND I. Hertz-Picciotto. Urinary Pyrethroid and Chlorpyrifos Metabolite Concentraitons in Northern California families and their relationship to indoor home insecticide levels, part of the Study of Use of Products and Exposure Related Behavior (SUPERB). ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES. National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Research Triangle Park, NC, 48(3):1931-1939, (2014).
Impact/Purpose:
The National Exposure Research Laboratory′s (NERL′s) Human Exposure and Atmospheric Sciences Division (HEASD) conducts research in support of EPA′s mission to protect human health and the environment. HEASD′s research program supports Goal 1 (Clean Air) and Goal 4 (Healthy People) of EPA′s strategic plan. More specifically, our division conducts research to characterize the movement of pollutants from the source to contact with humans. Our multidisciplinary research program produces Methods, Measurements, and Models to identify relationships between and characterize processes that link source emissions, environmental concentrations, human exposures, and target-tissue dose. The impact of these tools is improved regulatory programs and policies for EPA.
Description:
Since the 2001 U.S. federally mandated phase-out of residential uses of organophosphate (OP) insecticides, the use of and potential for human exposure to pyrethroid insecticides in the indoor residential environment increases, while that for OPs decreases. Here we report indoor concentrations of several common pyrethroids, pyrethroid metabolites, and chlorpyrifos based on floor wipe samples collected from 81 northern California households. We report urinary concentrations of pyrethroid metabolites and the chlorpyrifos metabolite TCPy in samples collected in 2007–2009 from 83 children and 90 adults who lived in these 81 households and took part in the Study of Use of Products and Exposure Related Behavior (SUPERB). We examined correlations between concentrations in floor wipe and urine samples. The most frequently detected urinary pyrethroid metabolite was 3PBA (62.4%, median concentration of 0.79 ng/mL). TCPy was detected at a similar frequency (64.7%, median concentration of 1.47 ng/mL). Compared to the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) in 1999-2002, this population had substantially higher pyrethroid metabolite and lower TCPy urinary concentrations than the general population in the U.S. This may be related to the increased residential use of pyrethroids after the phase-out of OPs. Chlorpyrifos (98.7%), cis- and trans-permethrin (97.5%), bifenthrin (59.3%), 3PBA (98.7%) and 4F3PBA (34.2%) were frequently detected in the floor wipes. Floor wipe concentrations for pyrethroid insecticides were found to be significant predictors of child urinary metabolite concentrations (p-values = 0.0004 - 0.049) suggesting that indoor residential exposure to pyrethroid insecticides is an important exposure route for children.
URLs/Downloads:
TRUNNELLE_PAPER_3_06182013 WITH ATTACHMENT.PDF (PDF, NA pp, 135.548 KB, about PDF)Environmental Science & Technology
