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Identifying Factors that Influence Expression of Eutrophication in a Central California Estuary
Citation:
Hughes, B. B., J. C. Haskins, K. Wasson, AND E. B. WATSON. Identifying Factors that Influence Expression of Eutrophication in a Central California Estuary. MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES. Inter-Research, Luhe, Germany, 439:31-43, (2011).
Impact/Purpose:
The purpose of this research communication is to report on the use of a eutrophication expression index in order to specifically examine the impacts of environmental filters on overall estuarine water quality. These filters include natural and anthropogenically mediated environmental conditions, such as temperature, turbidity, depth, freshwater influx, and tidal range. We also implemented an area and volume-based weighting system to produce an overall eutrophication score for the estuary.
Description:
Coastal eutrophication models have proposed that various environmental conditions can serve as filters mediating the effects of nutrient loading on coastal ecosystems. Variation in such filters due to natural or anthropogenic causes can potentially lead to varied responses in overall eutrophication expression as well as in individual eutrophication indicators. In this study, we sought to identify factors that affect eutrophication expression at contrasting sites within one nutrient-loaded estuary in central California. We developed and applied a eutrophication expression index to 18 sites in the Elkhorn Slough estuary and then used principal components analysis of environmental drivers (nutrients) and filters to determine how they relate to overall eutrophication expression as well as to individual eutrophication indicators. We also examined the relationship between one key filter, tidal range, and eutrophication indicators. Elkhorn Slough was determined to be a moderately eutrophic estuary, with individual sites varying from being low to hypereutrophic. Eutrophication expression was explained mostly by tidal range, depth, temperature, salinity, distance to estuary mouth, and turbidity, but not by nutrient concentrations. Tidal range in particular correlated strongly with most eutrophication indicators. Sites with artificially dampened tidal range through water control structures were more eutrophic than sites with full tidal exchange. Results from this study emphasize the importance of filters in mediating the negative ecological effects of eutrophication. Coastal managers can decrease eutrophication expression at a local scale by managing for filters (e.g. increasing tidal exchange to managed wetlands), complementing efforts to reduce eutrophication at a regional scale by decreasing nutrient loading.