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Principles of Design And Operations Of Wastewater Treatment Pond Systems For Plant Operators, Engineers, And Managers
Citation:
MCNAUGHTON, E., S. J. STOLL, J. E. Smith, Jr., E. J. Middlebrooks, AND R. H. Bowman. Principles of Design And Operations Of Wastewater Treatment Pond Systems For Plant Operators, Engineers, And Managers. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, EPA/600/R-11/088, 2011.
Impact/Purpose:
This manual provides an overview of wastewater treatment pond systems through the discussion of factors affecting treatment, process design principles and applications, aspects of physical design and construction, effluent total suspended solids (TSS), algae, nutrient removal alternatives, and cost and energy requirements.
Description:
Wastewater pond systems provide reliable, low cost, and relatively low maintenance treatment for municipal and industrial discharges. However, they do have certain design, operations, and maintenance requirements. While the basic models have not changed in the 30-odd years since EPA published the last ponds manual, there have been some innovations and improved understanding of the complex biological processes at work in these systems. Additionally, new water quality requirements are either in place or about to be put in place throughout the United States, particularly relating to nutrient concentrations, that were not factored into the design specifications when many of the existing plants were constructed. This updated version of the wastewater treatment ponds manual includes basic design recommendations, discusses the innovations in design that have been made in new, expanded or modified systems, as well as the additional processes that have been added to address nutrient requirements. An emphasis is placed on the importance of operations and maintenance, which is demonstrated in the troubleshooting section and appendices from several states, directed at providing training for operators.7 the additional processes that have been made in new, expanded or modified systems, as well as the additional processes that have been added to address nutrient requirements. An emphasis is placed on the importance of operations and maintenance, which is demonstated in the troubleshooting section and appendices from several states directed at providing training for operators.