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Estimating the Provision of Ecosystem Services by Gulf of Mexico Coastal Wetlands.
Citation:
ENGLE, V. D. Estimating the Provision of Ecosystem Services by Gulf of Mexico Coastal Wetlands. WETLANDS. The Society of Wetland Scientists, McLean, VA, 31(1):179-193, (2011).
Impact/Purpose:
The objective of this paper is to summarize the current literature for GOM coastal wetlands and present a framework for quantification of ecosystem services. While it is recognized that GOM coastal wetlands provide many ecosystem services, the focus of this paper was on four specific ecosystem services that could potentially be quantified as a stock or rate that is produced by or attributed to a unit of wetland area (i.e., commercial and recreational fishery support, storm surge protection, nitrogen removal as a component of water quality regulation, and carbon sequestration as a component of greenhouse gas regulation). The GOM region continues to experience substantial losses of coastal wetlands, but the magnitude of reduction in ecosystem services resulting from the loss of GOM coastal wetlands is unknown. To gain an appreciation of the impact of GOM coastal wetland loss on ecosystem services, recent literature was reviewed to derive quantitative estimates of ecosystem services provided by GOM coastal wetlands.
Description:
Gulf of Mexico (GOM) coastal wetlands contribute to human well-being by providing many ecosystem services (e.g., commercial and recreational fishery support, protection of coastal communities from storm surge, water quality improvement, and carbon sequestration). The GOM region continues to experience substantial losses of coastal wetlands, but the magnitude of reduction in ecosystem services resulting from the loss of GOM coastal wetlands is unknown. To gain an appreciation of the impact of GOM coastal wetland loss on ecosystem services, recent literature was reviewed to derive quantitative estimates of ecosystem services provided by GOM coastal wetlands. GOM coastal wetlands provide essential habitat for the production of juvenile shrimp, which supports the GOM’s most valuable commercial fishery; protect coastal communities from storm surge; improve water quality by removing nitrogen from surface waters; and are valuable sinks for greenhouse gases due to high rates of carbon sequestration combined with low rates of methane emission. Additional research is needed to quantify wetland services at multiple geospatial and socioeconomic scales, to determine the effect of wetland loss on ecosystem services, and to demonstrate the impact of future management decisions on the capacity of GOM coastal wetlands to provide services that affect human well-being.