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LEAD AND COPPER CONTROL: LESSONS LEARNED FROM THE US
Citation:
SCHOCK, M. R. LEAD AND COPPER CONTROL: LESSONS LEARNED FROM THE US. Presented at AWWA ANNUAL CONFERENCE AND EXHIBITION, TORONTO, ON, CANADA, June 25 - 28, 2007.
Description:
This presentation was invited for the “Inorganic Contaminant Issues in Canada–Research Needs” session, in order to provide an overview of how the assumptions and research behind the US Lead and Copper Rule (LCR) have held up in the past 16 years since promulgation. Though the fundamental basis of the LCR have held up, the combination of research in the intervening years and implementation problems have suggested that there are discrepancies and improvements that should be considered. The primary issues to be discussed in this presentation are: sampling approaches for lead, copper and water quality characteristics; unexpected and expected impacts of disinfectants and oxidants; the extreme role of alkalinity and aging on copper corrosion; the importance of poorly-crystalline or amorphous cupric phosphate phases in corrosion control; the importance of dissimilar surface solids on metal retention and release; and the presence of poorly-characterized and unusual scale minerals for which solubility and stability information is lacking.