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CHLORINATED VS. CHLORAMINATED DRINKING WATER: TOXICITY-BASED IDENTIFICATION OF DISINFECTION BY-PRODUCTS USING ESI-MS AND ESI-MS/MS
Citation:
RICHARDSON, S. D., F. G. CRUMLEY, M. J. PLEWA, E. D. WAGNER, T. H. MIZE, P. ANGEL, R. ORLANDO, L. WILLIAMSON, AND M. G. BARTLETT. CHLORINATED VS. CHLORAMINATED DRINKING WATER: TOXICITY-BASED IDENTIFICATION OF DISINFECTION BY-PRODUCTS USING ESI-MS AND ESI-MS/MS. Presented at American Chemical Society National Meeting, Chicago, IL, March 25 - 29, 2007.
Impact/Purpose:
Develop analytical methods to quantify iodinated DBPs in chloraminated drinking waters and to collaborate with CDC which is developing methods to measure iodo-THMs in human blood/urine.
Description:
Drinking water disinfection by-products (DBPs) are of concern because some epidemiologic studies have shown that some DBPs are associated with cancer or adverse reproductive/developmental effects in human populations, and other studies have shown that certain DBPs cause similar health effects in laboratory animals. As a result, the U.S. EPA has regulated several DBPs. However, more than 500 DBPs have been reported in drinking water for which little or no occurrence and health data exist. The goal of this research is to use a bio-assay directed approach to focus identification work on the most toxicologically important DBPs. To this end, drinking water was collected from full-scale treatment plants that use chlorine and chloramines as disinfectants, and this drinking water was fractionated initially according to molecular size (through the use of ultrafiltration membranes). Mammalian cell genotoxicity and cytotoxicity assays were used to determine the toxicity of the fractions, and electrospray ionization (ESI)-mass spectrometry (MS) and ESI-MS/MS were used to obtain structural information on the DBPs in those fractions.