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TRANSFORMATION OF CARBON TETRACHLORIDE IN THE PRESENCE OF SULFIDE, BIOTITE, AND VERMICULITE
Citation:
KriegmanKing, M. AND M. REINHARD. TRANSFORMATION OF CARBON TETRACHLORIDE IN THE PRESENCE OF SULFIDE, BIOTITE, AND VERMICULITE. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 26(11):2198-2206, (1992).
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Description:
Carbon tetrachloride is transformed in aqueous solutions containing dissolved hydrogen sulfide more rapidly in the presence of the minerals biotite and vermiculite than in homogeneous systems. Approximately 8045% of the CC4 was transformed to COP via the measured intermediate, CS2. Chloroform comprised 5-15% of the products. The remaining 5% of the products were an unidentified non- volatile compound and CO. At 25 OC, the half-life of CCl, with 1 mM HS- was calculated to be 2600,160, and 50 days for the homogeneous, vermiculite (114 m2/L), and biotite (55.8 m2/L) systems, respectively. The CCl, transforma- tion rate was found to be dependent on the type and quantity of the solid and the temperature, but was inde- pendent of pH and HS- concentration above a critical HS- concentration. The activation energies (f95% confidence intervals) were determined to be 122 f 32,91.3 f 8.4, and 59.9 f 13.3 kJ/mol for the homogeneous, vermiculite, and biotite systems, respectively. The CCl, transformation rate exhibited first-order behavior with respect to biotite sur- face area concentration (SCbiotite) below 55.8 m2/L. The rate of CCll transformation was independent of HS- con- centration when [HS-] = 0.5-4 mM and SCbiotit, = 55.8 m2/L. Below [HS-] = 0.5 mM, the rate law was dependent on HS- concentration.
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TRANSFORMATION OF CARBON TETRACHLORIDE IN THE PRESENCE OF SULFIDE, BIOTITE, AND VERMICULITE
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