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TREATMENT AND SOLIDS MANAGEMENT
Citation:
Fan*, C AND R Field*. TREATMENT AND SOLIDS MANAGEMENT. Chapter 3, R. field, D. Sullivan, A. Tafuri (ed.), Management of Combined Sewer Overflow. CRC Press - Taylor & Francis Group, LLC, Boca Raton, FL, , ., (2003).
Impact/Purpose:
publish information
Description:
A variety of high-rate treatment methods show a potential to handle WWF including: physical separation with and without chemical addition (e.g., enhanced settling, fine-mesh screening, vortex separation, dual-media high-rate filtration, dissolved air flotation, activated carbon, high-gradient magnetic separation and continuous deflection separator; biological (activated sludge, aerated lagoons, trickling filters, rotating biological contactor, biological aerated filter, fluidized bed biological reactor); disinfection (chemical oxidants with or without rapid mixing to increase contact with microorganisms or UV radiation without mixing). All treatment processes, or their combinations, can be adjuncts to the existing WWTP or can serve as remote satellite facilities at overflow points (upstream of the outfall). It may be cost effective and practical to use WWF treatment technologies at the source of pollution upstream or upland to prevent the pollutants from entering the drainage system and causing additional load to the WWTP. An example of such an approach is upstream treatment of SW runoff from critical-source areas, e.g., parking lots, storage areas, and vehicular service stations. The estimated annual sludge volume generated in the US from CSO and urban SW runoff control facilities would add an additional volume ranging from 0.4 to 8.0 billion ft3 and 1 to 19 billion ft3, respectively. Thus, a tremendous load would be added to the existing WWTP sludge handling and disposal facilities that receive stored WWF. This factor, combined with increasing waste disposal costs and limited landfill capacity in the some parts of the country, means that the demand for biosolids handling and processing technologies to minimize the volume is greater than ever before. Biosolids have been applied to agricultural lands, forests, or reclaimed lands. More recently, there has been greater emphasis on applications, e.g., landscaping and nurseries for recreational uses. However, the beneficial use of biosolids will continue to be hindered by public opposition in some areas of the country. The public acceptance issues involve concerns about pollutants in the biosolids, risk of disease, and odors. Over time these concerns can be effectively addressed through a combination of approaches, including assessment of public attitudes, modifications to biosolids management programs, outreach and education, and marketing of biosolids products. A complete management program for a CSO treatment facility should include the development of a plan to remove and dispose of these residuals in a cost- effective manner that meets all regulatory requirements.
