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A Novel Method for the Quantitative Assessment of Fitted Containment Efficiency of Face Coverings
Citation:
Bennett, W., S. Prince, K. Zeman, H. Chen, AND J. Samet. A Novel Method for the Quantitative Assessment of Fitted Containment Efficiency of Face Coverings. INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY. Slack Incorporated, 13(1-4):1481-1484, (2023). https://doi.org/10.1017/ice.2022.316
Impact/Purpose:
Facemasks reduce disease transmission by protecting the wearer from inhaled pathogens and reducing the emission of infectious aerosols. While methods quantifying efficiency for wearer protection (PE) are established, current methods for assessing facemask containment efficiency (CE) rely on measurement of a low concentration of aerosols emitted from an infected or non-infected individual. This study developed a novel method for the quantitative assessment of the efficiency with which disposable face coverings contain aerosols emitted by the wearer using a living person. This method can be used to assess the efficacy of different types of disposable face coverings in controlling the transmission of respiratory infections.
Description:
Background: Face masks reduce disease transmission by protecting the wearer from inhaled pathogens and reducing the emission of infectious aerosols. Although methods quantifying efficiency for wearer protection are established, current methods for assessing face mask containment efficiency rely on measurement of a low concentration of aerosols emitted from an infected or noninfected individual. Methods: A small port enabled the introduction of 0.05 μm sodium chloride particles at a constant rate behind the mask worn by a study participant. A condensation particle counter monitored ambient particle numbers 60 cm in front of the participant over 3-minute periods of rest, speaking, and coughing. The containment efficiency (%) for each mask and procedure was calculated as follows: 100 × (1 − average ambient concentration with face covering worn/average ambient concentration with a sham face covering in place). The protection efficiency (%) was also measured using previously published methods. The probability of transmission (%) from infected to uninfected (a function of both the containment efficiency and the protection efficiency) was calculated as follows: {1 − (containment efficiency/100)}×{1 − (protection efficiency/100)}×100. Results: The average containment efficiencies for each mask over all procedures and repeated measures were 94.6%, 60.9%, 38.8%, and 43.2%, respectively, for the N95 mask, the KN95 mask, the procedure face mask, and the gaiter. The corresponding protection efficiencies for each mask were 99.0%, 63.7%, 45.3%, and 24.2%, respectively. For example, the transmission probability for 1 infected and 1 uninfected individual in close proximity was ∼14.2% for KN95 masks, compared to 36%–39% when only 1 individual wore a KN95 mask. Conclusion: Overall, we detected a good correlation between the protection and containment that a face covering afforded to a wearer
URLs/Downloads:
DOI: A Novel Method for the Quantitative Assessment of Fitted Containment Efficiency of Face Coverings