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Application of a multiplex salivary immunoassay to detect sporadic incident norovirus infections
Citation:
Wade, T., S. Griffin, A. Egorov, E. Sams, E. Hudgens, S. Augustine, S. Deflorio-Barker, T. Plunkett, A. Dufour, J. Styles, AND K. Oshima. Application of a multiplex salivary immunoassay to detect sporadic incident norovirus infections. Scientific Reports. Nature Publishing Group, London, Uk, 9(19576):1, (2019). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-56040-7
Impact/Purpose:
This study demonstrated the utility of a non-invasive salivary immunoassay to detect norovirus infections and an efficient approach to study infectious agents in large cohorts.
Description:
Norovirus is one of the most common causes of gastroenteritis. Following infection, anti-norovirus salivary immunoglobulin G (IgG) rises steeply within 2 weeks and remains elevated for several months; this immunoconversion can serve as an indicator of infection. We used a multiplex salivary immunoassay to study norovirus infections among 483 visitors to a Lake Michigan beach in 2015. Saliva was collected on the day of the beach visit (S1); after 10-14 days (S2); and after 30-40 days (S3). Luminex microspheres were coupled to recombinant antigens of genogroup I (GI) and II (GII) noroviruses and incubated with saliva. Immunoconversion was defined as at least 4-fold increase in anti-norovirus IgG antibody response from S1 to S2 and a 3-fold increase from S1 to S3. Ten (2.1%) immunoconverted to either GI (2) or GII (8) norovirus. Among those who immunoconverted, 40% reported at least one gastrointestinal symptom and 33% reported diarrhea, compared to 15% (p = 0.06) and 8% (p = 0.04) among those who did not immunoconvert, respectively. The two participants who immunoconverted to GI norovirus both swallowed water during swimming (p = 0.08). This study demonstrated the utility of a non-invasive salivary immunoassay to detect norovirus infections and an efficient approach to study infectious agents in large cohorts.
URLs/Downloads:
DOI: Application of a multiplex salivary immunoassay to detect sporadic incident norovirus infections