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Supplementation with Omega-3 Fatty Acids Potentiates Oxidative Stress in Human Airway Epithelial Cells Exposed to Ozone
Citation:
Corteselli, E., A. Gold, J. Surratt, T. Cui, P. Bromberg, L. Dailey, AND J. Samet. Supplementation with Omega-3 Fatty Acids Potentiates Oxidative Stress in Human Airway Epithelial Cells Exposed to Ozone. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH. Elsevier B.V., Amsterdam, Netherlands, 187:109627, (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2020.109627
Impact/Purpose:
This is an in vitro mechanistic study examining the effect that the concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acids found in fish oil have on the cellular response to exposure to ozone. This in vitro study shows that supplementation with polyunsaturated fatty acids potentiates the oxidative stress induced by exposure of human lung to environmentally relevant concentrations of ozone. These results are concordant with the known reactivity of ozone with polyunsaturated fatty acids and thus may predict increased sensitivity in vivo in humans exposed to ozone who use dietary supplements or have a high dietary intake of foods high in polyunsaturated fatty acids.
Description:
Dietary intake of the omega-3 family of polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 FA) is associated with anti-inflammatory effects. However, unsaturated fatty acids are susceptible to oxidation, which produces pro-inflammatory mediators. Ozone (O3) is a tropospheric pollutant that reacts rapidly with unsaturated fatty acids to produce electrophilic and oxidative mediators of inflammation. Objective Determine whether supplementation with ω-3 FA alters O3-induced oxidative stress in human airway epithelial cells (HAEC). Methods 16-HBE cells expressing a genetically encoded sensor of the reduced to oxidized glutathione ratio (GSH/GSSG, EGSH) were supplemented with saturated, monounsaturated, or ω-3 FA prior to exposure to 0, 0.08, 0.1, or 0.3 ppm O3. Lipid peroxidation was measured in cellular lipid extracts and intact cells following O3 exposure. Results Relative to cells incubated with the saturated or monounsaturated fatty acids, cells supplemented with ω-3 FA containing 5 or 6 double bonds showed a marked increase in EGSH during exposure to O3 concentrations as low as 0.08 ppm. Consistent with this finding, the concentration of lipid hydroperoxides produced following O3 exposure was significantly elevated in ω-3 FA supplemented cells. Discussion Supplementation with polyunsaturated ω-3 FA potentiates oxidative responses, as indicated by EGSH, in HAEC exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of O3. This effect is mediated by the increased formation of lipid hydroperoxides produced by the reaction of O3 with polyunsaturated fatty acids. Given the inflammatory activity of lipid hydroperoxides, these findings have implications for the potential role of ω-3 FA in increasing human susceptibility to the adverse health effects of O3 exposure.
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DOI: Supplementation with Omega-3 Fatty Acids Potentiates Oxidative Stress in Human Airway Epithelial Cells Exposed to Ozone