Citation:

Burkhardt, J., R. Anderson, R. Khera, L. Haupert, P. Ransom, D. Wahman, P. Jordan, J. Pressman, M. Mills, AND T. Speth. Modeling Water Treatment Performance and Costs for Removal of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances from Drinking Water. Edition 1st, Chapter 15, Forever Chemicals: Environmental, Economic, and Social Equity Concerns with PFAS in the Environment. Taylor & Francis Group, London, Uk, , 315-339, (2021). https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003024521

Impact/Purpose:

This work demonstrates the use of performance and cost modeling for PFAS removal. Additionally, this provides information about general capabilities of performance modeling for granular activated carbon, and would be of interest to individuals seeking more information about the use of GAC for PFAS removal

Description:

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a diverse class of compounds. In the last few years, many environmental and health agencies have set or are expected to promulgate regulatory limits for select PFAS at concentrations found in environmental waters. This has led various organizations to conduct treatment studies. Treatment studies, especially pilot-scale studies, are useful for selecting the optimal treatment system and generating data useful to modeling the expected performance under a variety of potential conditions such as changes in influent concentrations or system flow rates. The modeled performance matrix can be incorporated into cost models that consider capital and operating costs, thereby allowing for a direct comparison across technologies and their designs. However, there are complexities to this approach. This chapter evaluates how models can be used, based on their availability and capability, and includes modeling of uncertainties and complex operating conditions found in full-scale systems. Examples are discussed of how these models can be applied at the individual site level and at a program or national level.

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