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Epidemiological risk factors and the geographical distribution of eight Mycobacterium species
Citation:
Donohue, M. Epidemiological risk factors and the geographical distribution of eight Mycobacterium species. BMC Infectious Diseases. BioMed Central Ltd, London, Uk, 21(1):258, (2021). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-021-05925-y
Impact/Purpose:
Background: Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are environmental bacterium that may cause and compound respiratory diseases in humans. There are over a hundred NTM species with varying pathogenicity. It is estimated that there are 86,000 to 101,000 annual cases of pulmonary NTM disease in the United States and that specific body types are more prone to this disease than others. Therefore, the patient demographics for sex, age, and state of residence of eight commonly isolated NTM species from human specimen were used to identify infection trends associated with increased risk. Method: Demographic (age, sex and state of residence) and microbiological data from 2014 were extracted from Mississippi, Missouri and Ohio disease surveillance systems. Only NTM species that had > 50 reports were included in the analysis. Species-specific rates and distributions were generated as it relates to sex, age, and state of residence. Mann-Whitney U-tests determined statistical significance between the demographic characteristics. Results: M. abscessus, M. avium complex (MAC), M. chelonae, M. fortuitum, M. gordonae, M. kansasii, M. mucogenicum, and M. peregrinum had >50 reports among the three states. Gender analysis showed that M. chelonae, M. fortuitum, M. gordonae, and M. kansasii had significantly higher rates in males than females. A strong age association was not observed amongst all species specifically, M. abscessus, M. fortuitum (female), M. gordonae (female), M. kansasii, M. mucogenicum, and M. peregrinum have unique distribution that are not strongly age associated. The number of infections by state of residence differed by species. Conclusions: Unique distribution infection patterns of people were observed based on age and sex among the individuals who sought out medical attention. Revealing unique infection opportunities can indicate increase host susceptibility and or environmental factors that impact the risk of infection caused by these NTM species.
Description:
Background: Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are environmental bacterium that may cause and compound respiratory diseases in humans. There are over a hundred NTM species with varying pathogenicity. It is estimated that there are 86,000 to 101,000 annual cases of pulmonary NTM disease in the United States and that specific body types are more prone to this disease than others. Therefore, the patient demographics for sex, age, and state of residence of eight commonly isolated NTM species from human specimen were used to identify infection trends associated with increased risk. Method: Demographic (age, sex and state of residence) and microbiological data from 2014 were extracted from Mississippi, Missouri and Ohio disease surveillance systems. Only NTM species that had > 50 reports were included in the analysis. Species-specific rates and distributions were generated as it relates to sex, age, and state of residence. Mann-Whitney U-tests determined statistical significance between the demographic characteristics. Results: M. abscessus, M. avium complex (MAC), M. chelonae, M. fortuitum, M. gordonae, M. kansasii, M. mucogenicum, and M. peregrinum had >50 reports among the three states. Gender analysis showed that M. chelonae, M. fortuitum, M. gordonae, and M. kansasii had significantly higher rates in males than females. A strong age association was not observed amongst all species specifically, M. abscessus, M. fortuitum (female), M. gordonae (female), M. kansasii, M. mucogenicum, and M. peregrinum have unique distribution that are not strongly age associated. The number of infections by state of residence differed by species. Conclusions: Unique distribution infection patterns of people were observed based on age and sex among the individuals who sought out medical attention. Revealing unique infection opportunities can indicate increase host susceptibility and or environmental factors that impact the risk of infection caused by these NTM species.
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DOI: Epidemiological risk factors and the geographical distribution of eight Mycobacterium species