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Measurement of Novel, Drinking Water-Associated PFAS in Blood from Adults and Children in Wilmington, North Carolina
Citation:
Kotlarz, N., J. McCord, D. Collier, C. Lea, M. Strynar, A. Lindstrom, A. Wilkie, J. Islam, K. Matney, P. Tarte, M. Polera, K. Burdette, J. DeWitt, K. May, R. Smart, D. Knappe, AND J. Hoppin. Measurement of Novel, Drinking Water-Associated PFAS in Blood from Adults and Children in Wilmington, North Carolina. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES. National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Research Triangle Park, NC, 128(7):77005, (2020). https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP6837
Impact/Purpose:
Continuous monitoring of the Cape Fear River has revealed concentrations of hexafluoropropylene oxide-dimer acid (HFPO-DA) and other emerging PFAS compounds about which there is limited exposure and toxicology information. Serum from residents of Wilmington, NC whose water source is the Cape Fear River were tested for legacy and emerging PFAS compounds using mass spectrometry. Both legacy and emerging PFAS compounds were found in the serum of residence, levels of emerging compounds were lower (but still significant) contributors to total serum PFAS levels than legacy compounds. This study provides an perspective on exposure levels of emerging PFAS contamination that are of interest to the impacted communities and state/region.
Description:
Background: From 1980 to 2017, a fluorochemical manufacturing facility discharged wastewater containing poorly understood per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) to the Cape Fear River, the primary drinking water source for Wilmington, North Carolina, residents. Those PFAS included several fluoroethers including HFPO-DA also known as GenX. Little is known about the bioaccumulation potential of these fluoroethers. Objective: We determined levels of fluoroethers and legacy PFAS in serum samples from Wilmington residents. Methods: In November 2017 and May 2018, we enrolled 344 Wilmington residents ≥ 6 years of age into the GenX Exposure Study and collected blood samples. Repeated blood samples were collected from 44 participants 6 months after enrollment. We analyzed serum for 10 fluoroethers and 10 legacy PFAS using liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry. Results: Participants' ages ranged from 6 to 86 y, and they lived in the lower Cape Fear Region for 20 y on average (standard deviation: 16 y). Six fluoroethers were detected in serum; Nafion by-product 2, PFO4DA, and PFO5DoA were detected in > 85 % of participants. PFO3OA and NVHOS were infrequently detected. Hydro-EVE was present in a subset of samples, but we could not quantify it. GenX was not detected above our analytical method reporting limit ( 2 ng / mL ). In participants with repeated samples, the median decrease in fluoroether levels ranged from 28% for PFO5DoA to 65% for PFO4DA in 6 months due to wastewater discharge control. Four legacy PFAS (PFHxS, PFOA, PFOS, PFNA) were detected in most ( ≥ 97 % ) participants; these levels were higher than U.S. national levels for the 2015-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The sum concentration of fluoroethers contributed 24% to participants' total serum PFAS (median: 25.3 ng / mL ). Conclusion: Poorly understood fluoroethers released into the Cape Fear River by a fluorochemical manufacturing facility were detected in blood samples from Wilmington, North Carolina, residents. Health implications of exposure to these novel PFAS have not been well characterized.
URLs/Downloads:
DOI: Measurement of Novel, Drinking Water-Associated PFAS in Blood from Adults and Children in Wilmington, North Carolina
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32697103/