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CIAO COVID AOP Early KE harmonization: SARS-CoV-2 entry and antagonism of Interferon (IFN)-I antiviral response leading to replication
Citation:
Mayasich, S., M. Amorim, L. Clerbaux, P. Nymark, AND J. Filipovska. CIAO COVID AOP Early KE harmonization: SARS-CoV-2 entry and antagonism of Interferon (IFN)-I antiviral response leading to replication. Modelling the Pathogenesis of COVID-19 Using the Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) Framework (CIAO) 5th Workshop, Duluth, MN, March 09 - 10, 2022. https://doi.org/10.23645/epacomptox.19383263
Impact/Purpose:
Presentation to the Modelling the Pathogenesis of COVID-19 Using the Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) Framework (CIAO) 5th Workshop March 2022. The Modelling the Pathogenesis of COVID-19 Using the Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) Framework (CIAO) working group has been developing AOPs to better understand and organize the information needed to treat COVID-19, support new research to defeat the disease, and prevent future pandemics. Early Key Events (KEs) in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) viral infection involve evading the host’s innate immune system, specifically the interferon anti-viral response, to allow the virus to replicate. This presentation illustrates the importance of these early KEs leading to spread within a host, disease transmission host-to-host, and adverse outcomes including multi-organ damage, long-term effects (long COVID) and death. It is proposed that the IFN response antagonism KE be integrated in all COVID-19 disease damage AOPs to harmonize the early KEs among these AOPs.
Description:
Members of the CIAO COVID-19 group have been active in developing AOPs with the intention of documenting disease outcomes of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) infection to the level of OECD publication. Several AOPs thus far established in the AOPwiki include those describing hyperinflammation, pyroptosis, anosmia, acute respiratory distress, thrombosis, and gastrointestinal disorders. In these AOPs, cell entry, which is the molecular initiating event (MIE 1739), is immediately followed by the key event of increased susceptibility to cell entry (KE 1738), then KE 1847, viral replication. However, in establishing a path to viral transmission from host-to-host and across species (AOP 430), it was apparent that to increase replication and viral load, the virus must block the host cell anti-viral response. SARS-CoV-2 is exceptionally effective compared to other viruses at blocking the cell’s main innate anti-viral mechanism, the interferon-mediated signaling pathway. Evidence from the literature of the essentiality of IFN antagonism in COVID-19 disease progression will be presented. Within the IFN pathway numerous protein-protein interactions between SARS-CoV-2 and human proteins occur blocking production of IFN-stimulated gene (ISG) proteins that fight viral infection. This allows the virus to replicate to increase viral load, especially in the upper airway and enteric tissues, to facilitate all downstream events: transmission to new hosts, spread to distal organs, inflammation, and associated damage. Understanding the process by which host proteins interact with the viral proteins would aid in identifying therapeutics. Therefore it is proposed that KE 1901, Interferon-I antiviral response, antagonized, with up- and downstream key event relationships (KERs), be integrated into the COVID-19 disease damage AOPs between KE 1738 and KE 1847.
URLs/Downloads:
DOI: CIAO COVID AOP Early KE harmonization: SARS-CoV-2 entry and antagonism of Interferon (IFN)-I antiviral response leading to replication
3-9-2022_COVID-19 AOP IFN ANTAG CIAO MAYASICH_STICS.PDF (PDF, NA pp, 1774.259 KB, about PDF)