Citation:

Madden, M. Chapter 33: Breath Biomarkers in Human Xenobiotic Exposure Studies. Edition 2nd, Chapter 33, Jonathan Beauchamp, Christina Davis and Joachim Pleil (ed.), Breathborne Biomarkers and the Human Volatilome (Elsevier Publishers). Elsevier Science, New York, NY, 1:537-550, (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-819967-1.00033-5

Impact/Purpose:

This chapter, part of a book on the analyses and use of exhaled breath in studying human responses in health and disease,provides the audience with the history of exhaled breath analyses for examining effects of air pollutants as well as recent findings and developments in that arena. Future uses of, and issues with, breath analyses of pollutant-exposed individuals are also provided.

Description:

Air pollutant exposure induces effects in humans ranging from premature mortality to increased morbidity, primarily cardiopulmonary effects. Examination of both exhaled breath gas and aerosol phases has been used to determine surrogate markers of these biological responses. Two approaches to studying effects of air pollutants as well as other xenobiotics is the use of controlled exposures where either the pollutant concentration is kept relatively constant or controlled field studies where other factors are kept relatively constant, i.e., exercise level, diet, etc. This chapter reviews the seminal reports that utilized breath analyses to discern potential effects of air pollutant exposures, provides highlights of recent reports using breath biomarkers in air pollution research studies, and also examines recent findings of other pollutants inhaled via lifestyle choices such as swimming and vaping.

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