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Science Inventory
On the Frontier: Analytical Chemistry and the Occurrence of Illicit Drugs in Surface Waters in the USA.
Description:
In the United States (US), Snyder et al. (2001) reported the presence of hydrocodone, codeine, and diazepam (valium), in a stream entering into Lake Mead, Nevada.(Snyder et al., 2001) While these drugs are not considered illicit substances, they are considered controlled substances, compounds that the Drug and Enforcement Agency (DEA) lists as schedule III and IV drugs, as substances for potential abuse. (DEA, http://www.usdoj.gov/dea/pubs/ abuse/1-csa.htm) Then for the first time the presence of an illicit substance, methamphetamine, was reported by Khan and Ongerth, in wastewater effluent from a large US city in California and announced publicly at the 2003 National Ground Water conference.(Khan and Ongerth, 2003) Jones-Lepp et al. (2004) reported for the first time in the peer-reviewed literature the detection of two illicit drugs, methamphetamine and methylenedioxy-methamphetamine (MDMA, Ecstasy), collected from wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent streams in Nevada and South Carolina, US.(Jones-Lepp et al., 2004).
Contact: Janet Contreras (702) 798-2383 Contreras.Jan@epa.gov
Office: OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Full Record ID: 218412
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