Office of Research and Development Publications

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This paper reports on the pilot testing of a new bioassay platform that monitors expression of 1600 genes in zebrafish embryos exposed to either single chemicals or complex water samples. The method provides a more cost effective, high throughput means to broadly evaluate the pot...

Water quality degradation is a chronic problem which influences the resilience of a social-ecological system differently than acute disturbances, such as disease or storms. Recognizing this, we developed a tailored resilience framework that applies ecosystem service concepts to c...

The Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) framework describes the progression of a toxicity pathway from molecular perturbation to population-level outcome in a series of measurable, mechanistic responses. The controlled, computer-readable vocabulary that defines an AOP has the ability t...

Background: ATP binding cassette sub-family member 2 (ABCG2) is a well-defined efflux transporter found in various tissues. The role of ABCG2 during early embryonic development, however, is not established. Previous work suggests an association between exposure to xenobiotics tha...

The transcription factor Nrf2 (encoded by Nfe2l2) induces expression of numerous detoxifying and antioxidant genes in response to oxidative stress. The cytoplasmic protein Keap1 interacts with and represses Nrf2 function. Computational approaches were developed to identify factor...

Apelin has cardiopulmonary protective properties that promote vasodilation and maintenance of the endothelial barrier. While reductions in apelin have been identified as a contributor to various lung diseases, including pulmonary edema, its role in the effect of air pollutants ha...

The multivariate AMBI (M-AMBI) is an extension of the AZTI Marine Biotic Index (AMBI) that has been used extensively in Europe, but not in the United States. In a previous study, we adapted AMBI for use in US coastal waters (US AMBI), but saw biases in salinity and score distribu...

The Model for Prediction Across Scales &ndash; Atmosphere (MPAS-A) has been modified to allow four-dimensional data assimilation (FDDA) by the nudging of temperature, humidity, and wind toward target values predefined on the MPAS-A computational mesh. The addition of nudging allo...

In estuaries, land-surface and tidal elevation conspire to influence the amount of salt-water inundation in a specific location, ultimately affecting the distribution of estuary vegetation. Plants vary in their tolerances to salinity and inundation. Understanding even small chang...

Atmospheric models that accurately describe the fate and transport of trace species for the right reasons aid in the development of effective air-quality management strategies that safeguard human health. Controllable emissions facilitate the formation of biogenic secondary organ...

Recent studies showed that the circulating stress hormones, epinephrine and corticosterone/cortisol, are involved in mediating ozone-induced pulmonary effects through the activation of the sympathetic-adrenal-medullary (SAM) and hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axes. Hence, w...

Air quality modeling is of critical importance to inform regulatory and planning activities under the U.S. Clean Air Act (CAA). Due to limitations in spatial and temporal coverage of ambient monitoring networks, air quality models are better able to characterize the ambient impac...

Environmental health research can be oriented across a continuum of effects ranging from adverse to cobenefits to salutogenic. We argue that the salutogenic end of the continuum is insufficiently represented in research and as a basis for environmental protection, even though the...

Nanotechnology has significant economic, health, and environmental benefits, including renewable energy and innovative environmental solutions. Manufactured nanoparticles have been incorporated into new materials and products because of their novel or enhanced properties. These v...

This work presents the results of an international interlaboratory comparison on ex situ passive sampling in sediments. The main objectives were to map the state of the science in passively sampling sediments, identify sources of variability, provide recommendations and practica...

The US EPA is developing more cost effective and efficient ways to evaluate chemical safety using high throughput and computationally based testing strategies. An important component of this approach is the ability to translate chemical effects on fundamental biological processes...

The US EPA is developing more cost effective and efficient ways to evaluate chemical safety using high throughput and computationally based testing strategies. An important component of this approach is the ability to translate chemical effects on fundamental biological processes...

Chemicals induce liver cancer in rodents through well characterized adverse outcome pathways (AOPs). We hypothesized that measurement of molecular initiating events (MIEs) and downstream key events (KEs) in liver cancer AOPs in short-term assays will allow early identification of...

Citizen science provides quantitative results to support environmental health assessments, but standardized approaches do not currently exist to translate findings into actionable solutions. The emergence of low-cost portable sensor technologies and proliferation of publicly avai...

U.S. Federal agencies are cooperating in the research and development of environmental models, software, and related databases through the Interagency Collaborative for Environmental Modeling and Monitoring (ICEMM). A Memorandum of Understanding establishes a framework for facili...

Over time, risk assessment has shifted from establishing relationships between exposure to a single chemical and a resulting adverse health outcome, to evaluating multiple chemicals and disease outcomes simultaneously. As a result, there is an increasing need to better understand...

The aggregation and long-term (25 d) sedimentation behaviors of reduced graphene oxide (RGO) and its three successively self-assembled nanohybrids with magnetite (Fe3O4) and zerovalent silver (Ag0) nanoparticles were investigated. The aggregation behaviors of the nanomaterials in...

Many cities are experiencing long-term declines in population and economic activity. As a result, frameworks for urban sustainability need to address the unique challenges and opportunities of such shrinking cities. Shrinking, particularly in the U.S., has led to extensive vacant...

There currently are a wide variety of approaches emerging to adjust air sensor data, either on the device or more commonly, on a manufacturer's server or cloud. The goal of these adjustments are to correct for measurement artifacts and produce more accurate values. However, most ...

Communication's Highlight. The U.S. EPA in collaboration with the Economic Council of States (ECOS), and with the assistance of numerous national and international air quality experts, conducted the Air Sensors 2018: Deliberating Performance Targets Workshop (June 25-26th, 2018...