Office of Research and Development Publications

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Background and Purpose: Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are widely used in non-stick coatings, firefighting foams and other products. Their fluorinated state contributes to their unique uses and stability, but also may result in long half-lives in the environment and h...

Background/Purpose The US EPA has developed a tiered testing strategy, including high-throughput transcriptomics (HTTr) testing, to identify molecular targets of thousands of environmental chemicals. These findings can be linked to adverse outcomes and can be used in Integrated A...

Background and Purpose: T cell receptor (TCR)-dependent activation of T cells dictates immune specificity and establishes immunological memory, key features of adaptive immunity. Canonical activation of T cells occurs through engagement of TCRs by interaction with the major histo...

Assaying for thyroid interference is of increasing importance in standardized developmental and reproductive toxicity studies. While serum T4 quantification is an endpoint assessed in developing rats, it is unclear how this measure may correlate to adverse neurodevelopmental outc...

Background and Purpose Biosolids are treated sewage sludge produced as a byproduct of the wastewater treatment process, often applied to land or disposed of in landfills. Under the Clean Water Act, the US EPA Office of Water (OW) has the responsibility to protect human health and...

Background: The Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) requires the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to evaluate the hazard and exposure to new and existing chemicals. New chemical notifications are typically data poor and EPA?s Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics (OPP...

South Florida is a subtropical environment with diverse ecological and human communities that rely on a complex water system undergoing the costliest restoration in U.S. history. Pesticide and metal input to the aquatic systems of South Florida can impact the capabilities of main...

Read-across is a data-gap filling technique utilised to predict the toxicity of a target chemical using data from similar source analogues. Read-across acceptance remains an issue, mainly due to the difficulties of addressing residual uncertainties and because read-across is stil...

High-throughput transcriptomics (HTTr) is increasingly being used to identify molecular targets of chemicals that can be linked to adverse outcomes. Cell proliferation is an important key event in chemical carcinogenesis. Here, we describe the construction and characterization of...

Coastal areas are important places to live, work, play, and more. They are areas with high social and economic value, but also with considerable commercial and private uses which lead to conflicts, disproportionately affected communities, and complex environmental decision making...

Background and Purpose: Adrenergic receptors (AR) are the most extensive therapeutically manipulated drug receptors in the treatment of respiratory diseases, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The airways are densely innervated by AR, which are cellular rec...

Several related research efforts are in-progress in the US EPA to inform a large(r) hazard and dose-response landscape for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS); such data may be critical to informing data-poor mixture PFAS. The expressed objective is to identify dose-respon...

This is a presentation abstract for proposed session, ID 141, Advances in New Approach Methods for Thyroid Toxicity Testing, for the SOT 2024 Annual Meeting.  Abstract: There is significant regulatory need to evaluate chemicals that may disrupt the thyroid endocrine system. ...

Lead (Pb) and arsenic (As) contamination of soils is widespread in the United States and is an important source of exposure in young children. Early life exposure to metal(loid) contaminants has serious and long-lasting effects on health, making mitigation a critical public healt...

A PowerPoint presentation created by the National Program Manager for Regional Laboratories to present to the Association of Public Health Laboratories.

Anatoxin-a (ATX) is a cyanobacterial neurotoxin produced in freshwater lakes, streams, and reservoirs both in planktonic and benthic blooms. It is a potent and irreversible nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonist that causes central and peripheral effects while it is the...

EPA in partnership with 10 federal, state, local, and tribal organizations sponsored a science-based challenge to encourage development of new, effective, low-cost approaches (termed "Solutions") to remove PM5 from indoor air, particularly high concentrations related to...

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Presentation to Duke University, Toxicology & Environmental Health Seminar

Background and Purpose: Per- and polyfluoro-alkyl substances (PFAS) are a large and diverse class of organic chemicals in which all (per-) or some (poly-) carbon–hydrogen bonds have been replaced with carbon–fluorine bonds. PFAS are commonly found in human tissues. S...

This presentation is to the Research Area Coordination Team (RACT) for the Safe and Sustainable Waters Research program. This work contributes to SSWR Subproduct 404.3.2 Applying forecasted data to better understand, quantify, and anticipate the social and environmental justice i...

The global nitrogen science-policy community lacks a holistic framework for assessing nitrogen (N) impacts on food production, ecosystems, health, and climate. This results in reduced effectiveness and societal welfare benefits in addressing N challenges and creates the potential...

Presentation to HEEDS EDC-North Carolina Working Group Fourth Annual Scientific Meeting

One in 33 babies born in North Carolina (NC) are diagnosed with any birth defect. Little has been done to examine the association between community-level risk factors and birth defects. The objective of this study was to estimate the association of census-tract level neighborhood...