Office of Research and Development Publications

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The retinoic acid (RA) pathway serves as a prototype for adverse outcome pathway (AOP) elucidation for developmental defects. The biology of the RA pathway was used for the construction of an ontology for neural tube closure defects. The ontology describes an AOP network incorpor...

The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) ToxCast data pipeline (tcpl) has been applied to >1000 assay endpoints as first tier data processing of bioactivity data from high-throughput screening (HTS) stored in the “invitrodb” database. First, tcpl and the structure of invitrod...

Integrating new approach methods (NAMs) with traditional toxicological data to fill information gaps has the potential to inform hazard identification for thousands of chemicals. However, regulatory acceptance often requires comparison between NAM and animal toxicity study resul...

To support sound decision-making in environmental management, we need rigorous, defensible, and transparent synthesis of scientific evidence. The Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography (ASLO) and associated aquatic science societies are leaders in applying sci...

2,4,6-tribromophenol (TBP, CAS No. 118-79-6) is a naturally-occurring bromophenol that is widely used as a brominated flame retardant and wood antifungal. TBP is found in soil, dust, wild-caught seafood, and humans. TBP in vivo studies of oral and dermal disposition were conducte...

Low cost air quality sensors represent an important area of interest for the US EPA and the air quality community-at-large. Instruction and training opportunities are needed to provide potential end users of this technology with professional guidance on how to deploy sensors in a...

The University of Rhode Island’s Watershed Watch Volunteer Monitoring Program has been collecting water quality data on dozens of Rhode Island lakes and ponds for over 25 years, allowing exploration of long-term trends in common water quality parameters. Not all lakes and p...

This submission is a slide presentation for a conference on PFAS and emerging contaminants by the American Council of Engineering Companies of North Carolina (ACEC/NC) and the Groundwater Professional of NC (GWPNC). The presentation is a case study in detection and identification...

Populations of cold-water fishes are increasingly faced with warm river temperatures. Cold water refuges (CWR) – areas of cold water in which thermally-stressed individuals may seek temporary shelter – are increasingly invoked as a potentially mitigating feature withi...

Read-across describes one of the techniques for filling data gaps in either the analogue or category approaches. The analogue approach refers to grouping based on a very limited number of chemicals (e.g. target substance + source substance). The category approach is used when gro...

The thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) is a G protein-coupled receptor that signals through adenylate cyclase to increase intracellular 3’,5’- cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), resulting in increased thyroid hormone (TH) production in thyroid follicular cells. Due t...

Early developmental exposure to stress has been reported to influence learning and memory mechanisms. Changes in the gene expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (Bdnf), Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II alpha (Camk2a), and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)...

The following abstract is for presentation at the 2019 Air and Waste Management Association’s Air Quality Measurements and Methods Conference in Durham, NC, April 2-4, 2019. Leak detection and repair (LDAR) prog...

Chemicals in the environment can prevent proper reproduction in fish. However, it was unknown whether models developed using data collected from the commonly studied fathead minnow could accurately predict adverse effects to other fish species. Results of our study suggest that t...

Mercury (Hg) contamination in the Great Lakes region is a prevalent concern due to elevated Hg concentrations in fish in relation to human health and wildlife guidelines. The lower St. Louis River, the largest tributary to Lake Superior, exhibits fish Hg concentrations twice that...

Environmental stressors and contaminants can lead to Adverse Outcomes (AOs) in both human health and ecological receptors. Evaluating risk of AOs across multiple organisms in a community is crucial to characterize the cumulative impacts of stressors and contaminants; but is chal...

Cheminformatics-based applications have been actively developed to predict transformation pathways of environmental contaminants, especially biotransformation pathways. Direct photolysis, through which sunlight-absorbing compounds undergo transformation, is an important degradati...

PubMed is the largest freely available source of published literature available online with access to 27 million citations (as of October 2017). Contained within the literature is an abundance of information about the activity of chemicals in biological systems. Literature inform...

New approach methodologies (NAMs) play a key role in accelerating the pace of chemical risk assessment, and are an important tool for the future of regulatory decision making. Accelerating the Pace of Chemical Risk Assessment (APCRA) is a government-to-government initiative whos...

EPA’s National Center for Computational Toxicology is developing automated workflows for curating large databases within the DSSTox project, and providing accurate linkages of data to chemical structures, exposure and hazard information. The data are made available via the EPA’s...

The conventional wisdom of lead solubility has been built over the years by geochemical solubility models, experimental studies, and field sampling of drinking water lead levels using differing protocols. These models predict that lead solubility and release would be controlled b...

Previous studies have shown that air pollution exposure primes body systems to heightened responses to everyday activities that stress the cardiovascular (CV) system. The goal of this study was to investigate the impacts of a one-time exposure to eucalyptus smoke (ES) on the post...

Freshwater is a vital resource, however its quantity and quality are under constant pressure. Few methods have incorporated water resource impacts within impact pathways to the Area of Protection (AoP) natural resources, only addressing selected parts of the resource problem, a...

There are many monitoring programs that seek to measure toxicant exposure by collecting environmental samples and analyzing for organic and inorganic contaminants in the marine environment. However, monitoring programs tend to collect either marine sediments or mussels to quantif...

Hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid (HFPO-DA, aka GenX) is a member of the per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) chemical class and a high-profile contaminant of emerging concern. Elevated levels of HFPO-DA have been detected in multiple environmental matrices and treated ...