Office of Research and Development Publications

Next >>

Aromatase is a member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily responsible for a key step in the biosynthesis of estrogens. As estrogens are involved in the control of important reproduction-related processes, including sexual differentiation and maturation, aromatase is a potential ta...

Cumulative risk assessment (CRA) methods promote the use of a conceptual site model (CSM) to apportion exposures and integrate risk from multiple stressors. While CSMs may encompass multiple species, evaluating end points across taxa can be challenging due to data availability an...

To support the goals articulated in the vision for exposure and risk assessment in the twenty-first century, we highlight the application of a thermodynamic chemical activity approach for the exposure and risk assessment of chemicals in the environment. The present article descri...

Vegetative leaf area is a critical input to models that simulate human and ecosystem exposure to atmospheric pollutants. Leaf area index (LAI) can be measured in the field or numerically simulated, but all contain some inherent uncertainty that is passed to the exposure assessmen...

Introduction: High levels of arsenic in drinking water (≥100 µg/L) have consistently been associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Growing evidence supports a link with arsenic at low-moderate levels (<100 µg/L). Our objective was to examine the dose-response relationship be...

The unprecedented explosion of the manufacture and adoption of synthetic chemicals into commerce after World War II introduced a panoply of products and materials that improved the standard of living for many people and spawned a multitrillion dollar chemical industry. From plast...

The value of models that link organism&#8208;level impacts to the responses of a population in ecological risk assessments (ERAs) has been demonstrated extensively over the past few decades. There is little debate about the utility of these models to translate multiple organism&#...

Human fecal pollution of recreational waters remains a public health concern worldwide. As a result, there is a growing interest in the application of human-associated fecal source identification quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) technologies for water quality research and manag...

A disconnect often occurs between the creation of scientific research outputs and their use by intended stakeholders. Even with the diligent efforts of scientists to create products of value, many scientific outputs are underutilized by intended stakeholders. Marketing methods ca...

The new paradigm of toxicity testing approaches involves rapid screening of thousands of chemicals across hundreds of biological targets through use of in vitro assays. Such assays may lead to false negatives when the complex metabolic processes that render a chemical bioactive i...

Ecological risk assessments are often limited in their ability to consider metabolic transformations for fish species due to a lack of data. When these types of evaluations are attempted they are often based on parent chemical only, or by assuming similarity to available mammali...

High-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) data has revolutionized the identification of environmental contaminants through non-targeted analysis (NTA). However, chemical identification remains challenging due to the vast number of unknown molecular features typically observed in ...

Video documentation was obtained of the invasive benthic fish, Neogobius melanostomus, the round goby, feeding on crushed dreissenid mussels at a depth of 12 m in Georgian Bay of Lake Huron, Canada. Gobies used rotational or twist feeding to tear away particles from crushed musse...

Declining natural resources have led to a cultural renaissance across the Pacific that seeks to revive customary ridge-to-reef management approaches to protect freshwater and restore abundant coral reef fisheries. Effective ridge-to-reef management requires improved understanding...

This paper reports on the pilot testing of a new bioassay platform that monitors expression of 1600 genes in zebrafish embryos exposed to either single chemicals or complex water samples. The method provides a more cost effective, high throughput means to broadly evaluate the pot...

The Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) framework describes the progression of a toxicity pathway from molecular perturbation to population-level outcome in a series of measurable, mechanistic responses. The controlled, computer-readable vocabulary that defines an AOP has the ability t...

Background: ATP binding cassette sub-family member 2 (ABCG2) is a well-defined efflux transporter found in various tissues. The role of ABCG2 during early embryonic development, however, is not established. Previous work suggests an association between exposure to xenobiotics tha...

The multivariate AMBI (M-AMBI) is an extension of the AZTI Marine Biotic Index (AMBI) that has been used extensively in Europe, but not in the United States. In a previous study, we adapted AMBI for use in US coastal waters (US AMBI), but saw biases in salinity and score distribu...

Recent studies showed that the circulating stress hormones, epinephrine and corticosterone/cortisol, are involved in mediating ozone-induced pulmonary effects through the activation of the sympathetic-adrenal-medullary (SAM) and hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axes. Hence, w...

Nanotechnology has significant economic, health, and environmental benefits, including renewable energy and innovative environmental solutions. Manufactured nanoparticles have been incorporated into new materials and products because of their novel or enhanced properties. These v...

This work presents the results of an international interlaboratory comparison on ex situ passive sampling in sediments. The main objectives were to map the state of the science in passively sampling sediments, identify sources of variability, provide recommendations and practica...

The US EPA is developing more cost effective and efficient ways to evaluate chemical safety using high throughput and computationally based testing strategies. An important component of this approach is the ability to translate chemical effects on fundamental biological processes...

The US EPA is developing more cost effective and efficient ways to evaluate chemical safety using high throughput and computationally based testing strategies. An important component of this approach is the ability to translate chemical effects on fundamental biological processes...

Citizen science provides quantitative results to support environmental health assessments, but standardized approaches do not currently exist to translate findings into actionable solutions. The emergence of low-cost portable sensor technologies and proliferation of publicly avai...

Over time, risk assessment has shifted from establishing relationships between exposure to a single chemical and a resulting adverse health outcome, to evaluating multiple chemicals and disease outcomes simultaneously. As a result, there is an increasing need to better understand...