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The six PFAS we have studied (PFOA, GenX, PFMOAA, PFOS, NBP2, PFHxS) produced multiple common effects across all compounds, however the compounds were not toxicologically identical.  Effects common across all compounds included reduced pup and maternal bodyweights, reduced p...

An objective of federal, state, and local environmental management programs is to provide citizens with clean waters and the benefits associated with them. Communicating the importance of clean water to the public is often thought to help promote changes to behaviors and actions ...

EPA is developing new, rapid methods for monitoring water quality at beaches to determine adequacy of water quality for swimming. The methods being developed rely upon quantitive polymerase chain reaction technology. They will permit real time decisions regarding beach closures...

To assess the consequences of nutrient reduction strategies on water quality under climate change, we investigated the long-term dynamics of dissolved oxygen (DO) and pH in Narragansett Bay (NB), a warming urbanized estuary in Rhode Island, where nitrogen loads have declined due ...

Legionella pneumophila (Lp) is an opportunistic pathogen that causes respiratory infections primarily through inhalation of contaminated aerosols. Lp can colonize premise plumbing systems due to favorable growth conditions found within those environments (e.g. lower disinfectant ...

On September 1, 2020, EPA published the final regulation, Use of Lead Free Pipes, Fittings, Fixtures, Solder, and Flux for Drinking Water. EPA made  the conforming changes to existing regulations based on the Reduction  of Lead in Drinking Water Act of 2011 and the Comm...

Lead can enter drinking water when service pipes that contain lead corrode, especially where the water has high acidity or low mineral content that corrodes pipes and fixtures. Homes may also have internal plumbing materials containing lead. To reduce exposure to lead in drinking...

Lead service lines (LSL) represent the greatest source of lead (Pb) in drinking water. Identifying LSLs can be challenging, and recent service line (SL) material surveys in Michigan, Illinois, Wisconsin and Indiana found that an average 16% of SLs in these states are unknown and ...

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and Sandia National Laboratories have developed the Water Network Tool for Resilience (WNTR) to quantify resilience of drinking water distribution systems. WNTR is a Python package designed to simulate disaster scenarios and analyze impact...

Legionella pneumophila (Lp) is an opportunistic pathogen that causes respiratory infections primarily through inhalation of contaminated aerosols. Lp can colonize premise plumbing systems due to favorable growth conditions found within those environments (e.g. lower disinfectant ...

EPA-ORD-CPHEA's Michael Pennino and Jana Compton were invited to present on groundwater nitrate at SSWR’s Quarterly Research Area Coordination Team (RACT) meeting for the Nutrients topic SSWR.4 on June 5,  2024.  This meeting brings together the research coordinat...

Diatoms and soft algae have been collected by state monitoring programs across the United States to assess the biological condition of lotic and lentic water bodies. Some of the state programs have long-term records (i.e., decades) of algal taxonomic data. Over time, changes in l...

Taxonomic data are the foundation of bioassessment and much basic and applied research. Difficulty in morphological species identification, evolving and varying taxon concepts, and nomenclatural changes can lead to significant inconsistencies in taxonomic datasets across analysts...

Drinking water nitrate contamination is a significant economic and public health concern in The Great Plains, with few tested best practices for improving source water quality. This project seeks to establish a monitoring framework for quantifying the benefits of soil health prac...

Although the offshore water of Lake Michigan has been below the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement (GLWQA) total phosphorus (TP) spring target concentration of 7 µg L−1 for several decades, higher TP concentrations occur in the nearshore, contributing to the res...

A coconut shell based (AC1230CX) and a bituminous coal based (F400) granular activated carbon (GAC) were ground with mortar and pestle (MP), a blender, and a bench-scale ball milling unit (BMU). For particle size reduction, the blender was the most time efficient method. Four siz...

Drinking water utilities are vulnerable to both human-caused and natural disasters that can impact the system infrastructure and the delivery of potable water to consumers. Resilience analysis can help utilities identify high-risk areas in their system and understand how to bette...

Premise Plumbing Modeling - Demonstrating effectiveness of new modeling for premise plumbing systems

The Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) framework has been adopted as means to assemble, organize, and integrate all available biological information to support sound regulatory decision making. Environmental chemicals can interfere with the thyroid system at numerous sites, and these ...

Nitrogen management in Long Island Sound (LIS) has reduced N loading and the extent of hypoxia over the last 2 decades. To support communication around successful remediation of hypoxia and the remaining challenges of N management, we are analyzing 30 years of water quality data ...

Onsite wastewater treatment systems are a major source of excess nutrients and co-pollutants in groundwater. The high density of septic systems in New England’s coastal watersheds has degraded the quality of drinking and recreational freshwater resources and led to collapse...

The Regional Monitoring Networks (RMNs) are a collaborative, volunteer effort to collect comparable long-term monitoring data at targeted sites nationwide to detect changes over time. Six Northeast states have participated in the stream RMN since it was first piloted in the North...

Reduction of total phosphorus (TP) loads has long been a management focus of Chesapeake Bay restoration, but riverine monitoring stations have shown mixed temporal trends. To better understand the regional patterns and drivers of TP trends across the Bay watershed, we compiled an...

EPA-ORD-CPHEA's Michael Pennino and Jana Compton were invited to present on groundwater nitrate at the EPA Region 5 State Water Directors Meeting on May 15, 2024.  This meeting brings together EPA Region 5 state clean water and drinking water directors to discuss topics of c...

Combustion of mixed materials during open air burning of refuse and housefires produces emissions that worsen air and water quality and cause adverse health effects. The purpose of this study was to assess the irritant potential of extractable organic material of smoke condensate...