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2,4,6-tribromophenol (TBP, CAS No. 118-79-6) is widely used as a brominated flame retardant and wood antifungal agent. TBP is frequently detected in environmental matrices, biota, and humans. In female SD rats, systemically available TBP (10 µmol/kg, IV) was rapidly excrete...

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a group of fluorinated substances of interest to researchers, regulators, and the public due to their widespread presence in the environment. Some PFAS have comparatively extensive amounts of human epidemiological, exposure, and expe...

Chemicals that disrupt androgen receptor function during sexual differentiation in utero induce a cascade of adverse effects on F1 male reproductive development including reduced AGD, retained nipples, agenesis of androgen-dependent organs and reproductive tract malformations. ...

Geographically Isolated Wetlands (GIWs) are unique geological features that provide habitat for endemic, endangered, and threatened animal and plant species and ecosystem services (ES). GIWs are threatened by a range of chemical contaminants that vary by geographic region and ass...

Agricultural best management practices (BMPs) reduce non-point source pollution from cropland. Goals for BMP adoption and expected pollutant load reductions are often specified in water quality management plans to protect and restore waterbodies; however, estimates of needed load...

Purpose: The objectives were to use National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data to: 1) estimate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) risk factors (elevated blood pressure, triglycerides, blood glucose, and low HDL cholesterol); 2) estimate the prevalence...

Air pollution is a complex mixture of particulates, gases, and aldehydes. As such, attributing health effects to specific air pollutants in a given ambient air shed and identifying plausible biological mechanisms can be difficult when pollutants are studied in isolation. Here, we...

This chapter analyzes the data on mechanisms of carcinogenesis compiled by IARC’s recent Review of Human Carcinogens. It identifies ten “key characteristics” of agents that cause cancer in humans.

Prenatal exposure to ozone has been linked to low birth weight in people and fetal growth restriction in rats. Clinical recommendations suggest use of low dose aspirin to lower risk of preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction in high-risk pregnancies, yet its utility in m...

BACKGROUND: Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure is associated with increased morbidity and mortality, particularly for cardiovascular disease. The association between long-term exposure to PM2.5 and measures of lipoprotein subtractions remains unclear. Therefore, we examined...

At present, including failed attempts, it takes about 15 years and costs totaling up to $2.6 billion to take a promising new compound from laboratory to the market. Increasing drug resistance among microbial pathogens has led to a growing interest in exploring novel methods to en...

Assessments of the environmental behavior of highly hydrophobic nonionic organic chemicals have large uncertainties because the models used to predict their behavior were parameterized using training sets of chemicals with much lower hydrophobicities. Bioaccumulation of a few hi...

Speciated volatile and semi-volatile organic compound emissions (VOCs and SVOCs, resp.), including mobile source air toxics (MSATs), were characterized in vehicle exhaust from three modern gasoline direct injection (GDI) light-duty vehicles. The test vehicles were in the U.S. EPA...

Biochar has multifunctional properties capable of improving fertility of degraded soils, acting as a sorbent for organic pollutants, and heavy metals sequestration in mine spoils. Biochars are produced using lignocellulosic-, and manure-based feedstocks that are pyrolyzed at tem...

The number of abandoned mines globally is in the hundreds of thousands, with many mines capable of generating acidity, increasing metal solubility, and degrading environmental quality. Biochar may play a role in alleviating acidity and heavy metal contamination by increasing soi...

Railyards are important transportation hubs, and they are often situated near populated areas with high co-located density of manufacturing, freight movement and commercial enterprises. Emissions occurring within railyards can affect nearby air quality. To better understand the a...

There is a need for fast, efficient, and cost-effective hazard identification and characterization of chemical hazards. This need is generating increased interest in the use of zebrafish embryos as both a screening tool and an alternative to mammalian test methods. A Collaborativ...

A decline in submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) within Florida’s spring-fed thermal refuges raises questions about how these systems support winter foraging of Florida manatees Trichechus manatus latirostris. We analyzed telemetry data for 12 manatees over 7 yr to assess th...

A multi-agency, collaborative effort was completed in the fall of 2016 and summer of 2017 to provide a baseline assessment of pre-remedial conditions. Multiple state and federal agencies (U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), U.S. EPA ORD, U.S. EPA GLNPO, USGS and Minnesota Pollu...

Peat and eucalyptus smoke produces equivalent toxicity between flaming and· smoldering conditions despite tenfold lower PM concentrations for flaming Smoke from oak combustion is less toxic than that from peat or eucalyptus Smoke inhalation has significant eff...

To date, regulatory pesticide risk assessments have relied on the honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) (Hymenoptera: Apidae) as a surrogate test species for estimating the risk of pesticide exposure to all bee species. However, honey bees and non-Apis bees may differ in their susceptibi...

We compare the performance of two hypothesis test statistical approaches currently used in U.S. water regulatory programs to interpret the reproduction endpoint for the Ceriodaphnia dubia survival and reproduction aquatic toxicity test. These statistical approaches are (1) the w...

To address increasing demand during the last decades, bean producers have intensified agricultural activities by increasing the use of industrial inputs. Such intensification can impose environmental as well as economic risks to fragile ecosystems. Emergy and economic analyses we...

Prioritizing the risk posed to human health by chemicals requires tools that can estimate exposure from limited information. We consider an “exposure pathway” to include a chemical source, interaction with the environment, and a receptor (such as a person). Here we present a cali...

The northern spotted owl (Strix occidentalis caurina) was listed as threatened under the U.S. Endangered Species Act (ESA) in 1990. We applied modern spatial conservation theory and models to evaluate several candidate critical habitat networks, and sought an efficient conservati...