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Regional-scale air quality models and observations at routine air quality monitoring sites are used to determine attainment/non-attainment of the ozone air quality standard in the United States. In current regulatory applications, a regional-scale air quality model is applied for...

Agricultural best management practices (BMPs) reduce non-point source pollution from cropland. Goals for BMP adoption and expected pollutant load reductions are often specified in water quality management plans to protect and restore waterbodies; however, estimates of needed load...

Air pollution is a complex mixture of particulates, gases, and aldehydes. As such, attributing health effects to specific air pollutants in a given ambient air shed and identifying plausible biological mechanisms can be difficult when pollutants are studied in isolation. Here, we...

Given the intensity and frequency of environmental change, the linked and cross-scale nature of social-ecological systems, and the proliferation of big data, methods that can help synthesize complex system behavior over a geographical area are of great value. Fisher information e...

Prenatal exposure to ozone has been linked to low birth weight in people and fetal growth restriction in rats. Clinical recommendations suggest use of low dose aspirin to lower risk of preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction in high-risk pregnancies, yet its utility in m...

BACKGROUND: Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure is associated with increased morbidity and mortality, particularly for cardiovascular disease. The association between long-term exposure to PM2.5 and measures of lipoprotein subtractions remains unclear. Therefore, we examined...

Speciated volatile and semi-volatile organic compound emissions (VOCs and SVOCs, resp.), including mobile source air toxics (MSATs), were characterized in vehicle exhaust from three modern gasoline direct injection (GDI) light-duty vehicles. The test vehicles were in the U.S. EPA...

Railyards are important transportation hubs, and they are often situated near populated areas with high co-located density of manufacturing, freight movement and commercial enterprises. Emissions occurring within railyards can affect nearby air quality. To better understand the a...

Peat and eucalyptus smoke produces equivalent toxicity between flaming and· smoldering conditions despite tenfold lower PM concentrations for flaming Smoke from oak combustion is less toxic than that from peat or eucalyptus Smoke inhalation has significant eff...

Halogenated platinum salts can trigger the development of occupational asthma. Until recently, laboratory research into the development and manifestation of platinum hypersensitivity responses were hindered by the lack of an animal model suitable for assessing the functional con...

Vehicle automation has the potential to drastically transform the transportation system, which would in turn have energy and environmental implications. There is considerable uncertainty regarding the effect of automation on travel demand and efficiency, regarding the direction, ...

This presentation provides an overview of research on air quality model evaluation being performed at USEPA. The overview is structured according to the model evaluation framework proposed by Dennis et al. (2010). Examples are provided for advances in operational evaluation, diag...

Heart rate assays in wild-type zebrafish embryos have been limited to analysis of one embryo per video/imaging field. Here we present for the first time a platform for high-throughput derivation of heart rate from multiple zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos per imaging field, which ...

Active soil-gas sampling has been used as a reconnaissance method in support of soil and groundwater sampling of volatile and biodegradable organic compounds for over 30 years. More recently, soil gas sampling has been used directly to evaluate risk posed by vapor migration from ...

Light-absorbing organic carbon (OC), also referred to as “brown carbon” (BrC), has been intensively investigated in biomass burning (BB) impacted atmospheres. However, other BrC sources (e.g., secondary formation) are rarely studied in ambient aerosols. In the current work, forty...

Ammonia (NH3) is the most abundant alkaline component in the atmosphere, is therefore of great importance in the neutralization of atmospheric acids and formation of aerosol particles. Numerous studies have been published investigating the effects of NH3 fluxes on agricultural ec...

An accurate simulation of the absorption properties is key for assessing the radiative effects of aerosol on meteorology and climate. The representation of how chemical species are mixed inside the particles (the mixing state) is one of the major uncertainty factors in the assess...

A computational protocol is employed to glean new insight into the kinetics of several 1,5-hydrogen atom (H) shift reactions subsequent to first- and second-generation OH/O2 additions to isoprene. The M06-2X density functional was initially used with the Nudged Elastic Band (NEB)...

Introduction: Exposure to PM2.5 air pollution and neighborhood-level sociodemographic characteristics are associated with cardiovascular disease and possibly diabetes. However, the joint effect of sociodemographics and PM2.5 on these outcomes is uncertain. Methods: We examined wh...

A method for the determination of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in caulk was developed. This method was evaluated by application to a combination of 47 samples of caulk, glazing materials, and including quality control samples, from four schools in the northeastern area of the...

For decades, the focus of drinking water providers has been on fecal pathogens like E. coli, Giardia, and Cryptosporidium. In recent years, drinking water professionals and building operators have begun to recognize the importance of so-called opportunistic pathogens like Legione...

Background More intense and longer‐lasting heat events are expected in the United States as a consequence of climate change. This study aimed to project the potential changes in maternal heat exposure during early pregnancy (3–8 weeks post conception) and the associat...

Exposure to wildland fire-related particulate matter (PM) causes adverse health outcomes. However, the impacts of specific biomass sources remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate cardiopulmonary responses in rats following exposure to PM extracts collected fr...

Sea-level rise (SLR) is not just a future trend; it is occurring now in most coastal regions across the globe. It thus impacts not only long-range planning in coastal environments, but also emergency preparedness. Its inevitability and irreversibility on long time scales, in addi...

This report describes the state of the science with respect to total Nr deposition budgets in the United States and the research needed to improve these budgets from both a measurement and modeling perspective. The document is intended to serve as a roadmap for research activiti...