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2019
Bullock, Orren AND D. Schmeltz. A New Approach to Numerical Simulation of the Global Mercury Cycle Based on the Model for Prediction Across Scales. 2019 International Conference on Mercury as a Global Pollutant (ICMGP 2019), Krakow, POLAND, September 08 - 13, 2019.
Bullock, Orren. Adapting MPAS FDDA to use analysis nudging with 3-hour updates. Joint WRF and MPAS Users' Workshop 2019, Boulder, CO, June 10 - 14, 2019.
2018
Herwehe, J., R. Gilliam, R. Bullock, AND Jon Pleim. A Sensitivity Study of Convection Parameterizations in MPAS-A Utilized in Conjunction with USEPA Physics Options. 2018 Joint WRF & MPAS Users' Workshop, Boulder, CO, June 11 - 15, 2018.
Wong, David-C, Jon Pleim, R. Bullock, R. Gilliam, J. Herwehe, C. Hogrefe, AND G. Pouliot. A proof-of-concept for linking the global meteorological model, MPAS-A with the air quality model, CMAQ. ITM 2018 - 36 th International Technical Meeting on Air Pollution Modelling and its Application, Ottawa, CANADA, May 14 - 18, 2018.
Bullock, R., H. Foroutan, R. Gilliam, AND J. Herwehe. Adding four-dimensional data assimilation by analysis nudging to the Model for Prediction Across Scales – Atmosphere (version 4.0). Geoscientific Model Development . Copernicus Publications, Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany, 11:2897-2922, (2018). https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-2897-2018
Pleim, Jon, David-C Wong, R. Gilliam, J. Herwehe, R. Bullock, G. Pouliot, C. Hogrefe, W. Appel, R. Mathur, AND L. Ran. Development of a Next Generation Air Quality Modeling System. 1st CMAS-Asia-Pacific Conference, Beijing, CHINA, May 21 - 23, 2018.
Pleim, Jon, R. Gilliam, David-C Wong, J. Herwehe, R. Bullock, Bill Hutzell, G. Pouliot, C. Hogrefe, W. Appel, L. Ran, AND H. Foroutan. Development of the Next Generation Air Quality Modeling System (20th Joint Conference on the Applications of Air Pollution Meteorology with the A&WMA). 20th Joint Conference on the Applications of Air Pollution Meteorology with the A&WMA, Austin, TX, January 07 - 11, 2018.
Bullock, R., R. Gilliam, J. Herwehe, AND Jon Pleim. Experimentation with Vertical Layer Structure in MPAS-A. Joint WRF/MPAS User's Workshop, Boulder, CO, June 11 - 15, 2018.
Gilliam, R., J. Herwehe, R. Bullock, Jon Pleim, AND David-C Wong. PREPARING MPAS FOR GLOBAL RETROSPECTIVE AIR QUALITY MODELING: AN EVALUATION OF A 2016 SIMULATION WITH COMPARISONS TO WRF. 2018 CMAS Conference, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, October 22 - 24, 2018.
Gilliam, R., J. Herwehe, R. Bullock, Jon Pleim, AND David-C Wong. Preparing MPAS-A for Global Retrospective Air Quality modeling: An evaluation of a 2016 simulation with comparisons to WRF. 2018 WRF/MPAS Users' Workshop, Boulder, CO, June 11 - 15, 2018.
Pleim, Jon, David-C Wong, R. Gilliam, J. Herwehe, R. Bullock, G. Pouliot, C. Hogrefe, D. Kang, Bill Hutzell, R. Mathur, S. Roselle, AND L. Ran. Status and Plans for the Next Generation Air Quality Modeling System Development. 2018 CMAS Conference, Chapel Hill, NC, October 22 - 24, 2018.
Pleim, Jon, David-C Wong, R. Gilliam, J. Herwehe, R. Bullock, C. Hogrefe, G. Pouliot, L. Ran, B. Murphy, D. Kang, W. Appel, R. Mathur, AND E. Hubal. The New Generation of Air Quality Modeling Systems. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT. Springer-Verlag, New York, NY, , 1-6, (2018).
2017
Pleim, Jon, R. Gilliam, David-C Wong, J. Herwehe, R. Bullock, G. Pouliot, C. Hogrefe, W. Appel, Bill Hutzell, D. Kang, L. Ran, AND H. Foroutan. Development of the Next Generation Air Quality Modeling System. 16th Annual CMAS Conference, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, October 23 - 25, 2017.
Herwehe, J., R. Bullock, R. Gilliam, Jon Pleim, AND H. Foroutan. Implementing subgrid-scale cloudiness into the Model for Prediction Across Scales-Atmosphere (MPAS-A) for next generation global air quality modeling. 16th Annual CMAS Conference, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, October 23 - 25, 2017.
Herwehe, J., R. Gilliam, R. Bullock, Jon Pleim, AND H. Foroutan. Progress on Implementing Additional Physics Schemes into MPAS-A v5.1 for Next Generation Air Quality Modeling. 18th Annual WRF Users Workshop, Boulder, CO, June 12 - 16, 2017.
Bullock, R., R. Gilliam, J. Herwehe, AND H. Foroutan. Refinement and testing of analysis nudging in MPAS-A. 18th Annual WRF Users’ Workshop, Boulder, CO, June 12 - 16, 2017.
Foroutan, H., David-C Wong, Jon Pleim, R. Bullock, J. Herwehe, G. Pouliot, AND C. Hogrefe. Towards the Next Generation Air Quality Modeling System: Current Progress on Implementing Chemistry into MPAS-A. 18th Annual WRF Users' Workshop, Boulder, CO, June 12 - 16, 2017.
2016
Bullock, R. Adding Four- Dimensional Data Assimilation (a.k.a. grid nudging) to MPAS. 17th Annual WRF Users' Workshop, Boulder, CO, June 27 - July 01, 2016.
Bullock, R. AND E. Salmon. Refinement of horizontal resolution in dynamical downscaling of climate information using WRF: Costs, benefits, and lessons learned. American Meteorological Society, Louisiana, NO, January 11 - 12, 2016.
2015
Bullock, R., Kiran Alapaty, J. Herwehe, AND J. Kain. A Dynamically Computed Convective Time Scale for the Kain–Fritsch Convective Parameterization Scheme. Monthly Weather Review. American Meteorological Society, Boston, MA, 143(6):2105-2120, (2015).
Mallard, M., Chris Nolte, T. Spero, R. Bullock, Kiran Alapaty, J. Herwehe, J. Gula, AND J. Bowden. Technical Challenges and Solutions in Representing Lakes when using WRF in Downscaling Applications. Geoscientific Model Development . Copernicus Publications, Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany, 8(4):939-1110, (2015).
2014
Mallard, M., Chris Nolte, T. Spero, R. Bullock, J. Herwehe, AND Kiran Alapaty. : “Developing Regional Modeling Techniques Applicable for Simulating Future Climate Conditions in the Carolinas”. Carolinas Climate resilience Conference, Charolotte, NC, April 28 - 29, 2014.
Bullock, R., Kiran Alapaty, J. Herwehe, M. Mallard, T. Otte, R. Gilliam, AND Chris Nolte. An Observation-base investigation of nudging in WRF for downscaling surface climate information to 12-km Grid Spacing. JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY. American Meteorological Society, Boston, MA, 53(1):20-33, (2014).
Spero, T., Chris Nolte, Kiran Alapaty, R. Bullock, M. Mallard, J. Herwehe, AND J. Bowden. Downscaled Regional Climate Information for the Southeastern US. Carolinas Climate Resilience Conference, Charlotte, NC, April 28, 2014.
Nolte, Chris, T. Spero, R. Bullock, J. Herwehe, M. Mallard, J. Bowden, AND Kiran Alapaty. Projecting Changes in Climate & Air Quality for the Southeastern U.S. Carolinas Climate Resilience Conference, Charlotte, NC, April 28 - 29, 2014.
Bash, J., A. Carlton, Bill Hutzell, AND R. Bullock. Regional Air Quality Model Application of the Aqueous-Phase Photo Reduction of Atmospheric Oxidized Mercury by Dicarboxylic Acids. ATMOSPHERE. MDPI, Basel, Switzerland, 5(1):1-15, (2014).
Mallard, M., C. Nolte, R. Bullock, T. Otte, AND J. Gula. Using a Coupled Lake Model with WRF for Dynamical Downscaling. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH. American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, 119(12):7193-7208, (2014).
Mallard, M., Chris Nolte, R. Bullock, T. Otte, AND J. Gula. Using a Freshwater Lake Model Coupled with WRF for Dynamical Downscaling Applications. Presented at AMS Annual Meeting, Atlanta, GA, February 04 - 05, 2014.
2013
Mallard, M., Chris Nolte, R. Bullock, T. Otte, J. Herwehe, Kiran Alapaty, AND J. Gula. "The Effect of Alternative Representations of Lake Temperatures and Ice on WRF Regional Climate Simulations". Presented at 12th Annual CMAS Conference, Chapel Hill, NC, October 28 - 30, 2013.
Herwehe, J., Kiran Alapaty, T. Otte, Chris Nolte, AND R. Bullock. Evaluation of cumulus cloud – radiation interaction effects on air quality –relevant meteorological variables from WRF, from a regional climate perspective. Presented at 12th Annual CMAS Conference, Chapel Hill, NC, October 28 - 30, 2013.
Myers, T., D. Atkinson, R. Bullock, AND J. Bash. Investigation of Effects of Varying Model Inputs on Mercury Deposition Estimates in the Southwest US. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. Copernicus Publications, Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany, 13(2):997-1009, (2013).
Alapaty, Kiran, R. Bullock, J. Herwehe, R. Gilliam, C. Nolte, T. Otte, J. Kain, AND J. Dudhia. The Kain-Fritsch Scheme: Science Updates & Revisiting Gray-Scale Issues from the NWP & Regional Climatae Perspectives. Presented at Annual Wolf Workshop, Boulder, Co, June 23 - 28, 2013.
2012
Alapaty, Kiran, J. Herwehe, T. Otte, C. Nolte, R. Bullock, M. Mallard, J. Kain, AND J. Dudhia. Introducing Subrid-scale Cloud Feedbacks to Radiation for Regional Meteorological and Cllimate Modeling. GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS. American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, 39(24):1-5, (2012).
2011
MATHUR, R., R. C. GILLIAM, R. BULLOCK, S. J. ROSELLE, J. E. PLEIM, D. C. WONG, F. S. BINKOWSKI, AND D. G. STREETS. Extending the Applicability of the Community Multiscale Air Quality Model to Hemispheric Scales: Motivation, Challenges, and Progress. Chapter 30, Douw G. Steyn & Silvia Trini Gastelli (ed.), NATO/SPS/ITM Air Pollution Modeling and its Application XXI. Springer Netherlands, , Netherlands, C Series:175-179, (2011).
2009
BULLOCK, R., D. ATKINSON, T. BRAVERMAN, K. Civerolo, A. Dastoor, D. Davignon, J. Ku, K. Lohman, T. MYERS, R. J. Park, C. SEIGNEUR, N. E. SELIN, G. Sistla, AND K. Vijayaraghavan. An Analysis of Simulated Wet Deposition of Mercury from the North American Mercury Model Intercomparison Study. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH: ATMOSPHERES. American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, 114(D08301):1-12, (2009).
BULLOCK, R. AND L. Jaegle. Importance of a Global Approach to Using Regional Models in the Assessment of Source-Receptor Relationships of Mercury. Chapter 16, N. Pirrone, R. Mason (ed.), Mercury Fate and Transport in the Global Atmosphere: Measurement, models and policy implications. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany, Chapter 16:503-517, (2009).
2008
PONGPRUEKSA, P., C. LIN, S. LINDBERG, C. JANG, T. BRAVERMAN, R. BULLOCK, T. C. HO, AND H. CHU. SCIENTIFIC UNCERTAINTIES IN ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY MODELS III: BOUNDARY AND INITIAL CONDITIONS, MODEL GRID RESOLUTION, AND HG(II) REDUCTION MECHANISMS. ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT. Elsevier Science Ltd, New York, NY, 42(8):1828-1845, (2008).
BULLOCK, R. The Effect of Lateral Boundary Values on Atmospheric Mercury Simulations with the CMAQ Model. Chapter 2, Carlos Borrego; Ana Isabel Miranda (ed.), Air Pollution Modeling and its Application XIX. Springer, New York, NY, (Series C):173-181, (2008).
BULLOCK, R., D. ATKINSON, T. BRAVERMAN, K. Civerolo, A. Dastoor, D. Davignon, J. Ku, K. Lohman, T. C. Meyer, R. J. Park, C. Seigneur, N. E. SELIN, G. Sistla, AND K. Vijayaraghavan. The North American Mercury Model Intercomparison Study (NAMMIS). Study Description and Model-to-Model Comparison. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH. American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, 113(D17310):1-17, (2008).
2007
LINDBERG, S., R. BULLOCK, R. EBINGHAUS, D. ENGSTROM, X. FENG, W. F. FITZGERALD, N. PIRONNE, E. PRESTBO, AND C. SEIGNEUR. A SYNTHESIS OF PROGRESS AND UNCERTAINTIES IN ATTRIBUTING THE SOURCES OF MERCURY IN DEPOSITION. AMBIO. Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden, 36(1):19-32, (2007).
RYABOSHAPKO, A., R. BULLOCK, J. CHRISTENSEN, M. COHEN, A. DASTOOR, I. ILYIN, G. PETERSEN, D. SYRAKOV, R. S. ARTZ, D. DAVIGNON, R. R. DRAXLER, AND J. MUNTHE. INTERCOMPARISON STUDY OF ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY MODELS: 1. COMPARISON OF MODELS WITH SHORT-TERM MEASUREMENTS. SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT. Elsevier Science Ltd, New York, NY, 376(1-3):228-240, (2007).
RYABOSHAPKO, A., R. BULLOCK, J. CHRISTENSEN, M. COHEN, A. DASTOOR, I. ILYIN, G. PETERSEN, D. SYRAKOV, R. S. ARTZ, D. DAVIGNON, R. R. DRAXLER, AND J. MUNTHE. INTERCOMPARISON STUDY OF ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY MODELS: 2. MODELING RESULTS VS. LONG-TERM OBSERVATIONS AND COMPARISON OF COUNTRY ATMOSPHERIC BALANCES. SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT. Elsevier Science Ltd, New York, NY, 377(2-3):319-333, (2007).
LIN, C., P. PONGPRUEKSA, R. BULLOCK, S. LINDBERG, S. O. PEHKONEN, C. JANG, T. BRAVERMAN, AND T. C. HO. SCIENTIFIC UNCERTAINTIES IN ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY MODELS II: SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS IN THE CONUS DOMAIN. ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT. Elsevier Science Ltd, New York, NY, 41(31):6544-6560, (2007).
2006
BULLOCK, R. REGIONAL-SCALE ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY MODELING. Presented at 31st Annual EPA-AWMA Information Exchange, Research Triangle Park, NC, December 05, 2006.
BULLOCK, R., K. LOHMAN, C. SEIGNEUR, K. VIJAYARAGHAVAN, A. DASTOOR, D. DAVIGNON, N. E. SELIN, D. J. JACOB, T. MYERS, K. CIVEROLO, C. HOGREFE, J. KU, G. SISTLA, D. ATKINSON, AND T. BRAVERMAN. RESULTS FROM THE NORTH AMERICAN MERCURY MODEL INTER-COMPARISON STUDY (NAMMIS). Presented at 8th International Conference on Mercury, Madison, WI, August 06 - 11, 2006.
BULLOCK, R. AND T. BRAVERMAN. SENSITIVITY OF THE CMAQ MERCURY MODEL TO GAS-PHASE OXIDATION CHEMISTRY. Presented at 8th International Conference on Mercury, Madison, WI, August 06 - 11, 2006.
HOGREFE, C., S.T. RAO, R. BULLOCK, A. GILLILAND, AND P. L. KINNEY. SIMULATING REGIONAL-SCALE AIR QUALITY WITH DYNAMIC CHANGES IN REGIONAL CLIMATE AND CHEMICAL BOUNDARY CONDITIONS. Presented at International Conference on Mesoscale Processes in Atmosphere, Ocean and Environmental Systems (IMPA 2006), New Delhi, INDIA, February 14 - 17, 2006.
PLEIM, J. E., S. J. ROSELLE, P. BHAVE, R. BULLOCK, W. T. HUTZELL, D. J. LUECKEN, C. G. NOLTE, K. L. SCHERE, J. O. YOUNG, J. M. GODOWITCH, AND W. APPEL. THE 2006 CMAQ RELEASE AND PLANS FOR 2007. Presented at 5rh Annual CMAS Models-3 User's Conference, Chapel Hill, NC, October 16 - 18, 2006.
BULLOCK, R., D. ATKINSON, T. BRAVERMAN, A. DASTOOR, D. DAVIGNON, N. ECKLEY-SELIN, D. JACOB, K. LOHMAN, C. SEIGNEUR, K. VIJAYARAGHAVAN, T. MYERS, K. CIVEROLO, AND C. HOGREFE. THE NORTH AMERICAN MERCURY MODEL INTER-COMPARISON STUDY (NAMMIS). Presented at 28th NATO/CCMS International Technical Meeting, Leipzig, GERMANY, May 15 - 19, 2006.
2005
BULLOCK, R. ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY TRANSPORT AND DEPOSITION. Presented at 2005 Air Toxics Workshop, RTP, NC, March 31, 2005.
BULLOCK, R. MODELING TRANSPORT AND TRANSFORMATION OF HG COMPOUNDS IN CONTINENTAL AIR MASSES. Chapter 14, Dynamics of Mercury Pollution on Regional and Global Scales. Springer Science and Business Media B.V;Formerly Kluwer Academic Publishers B.V., , Germany, , 319-344, (2005).
Mason, R. P., M. L. Abbott, D. Bodaly, O R. Bullock, C. T. Driscoll, D. Evers, S. E. Lindberg, M. Murray, AND E. Swain. MONITORING THE RESPONSE TO CHANGING MERCURY DEPOSITION. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, 1:15A-22A, (2005).
2004
Bullock, O R. AQUEOUS REDUCTION OF HG2+ TO HG0 BY HO2 IN THE CMAQ MODEL. Presented at International Conference on Mercury as a Global Pollutant, Ljubljana, Slovenia, June 27-July 2, 2004.
Bullock, O R. AQUEOUS REDUCTION OF HG2+ TO HG0 BY HO2 IN THE CMAQ-MODEL. Presented at International Conference on Mercury as a Global Pollutant, Ljubljana, Slovinia, June 27-July 2, 2004.
Bullock, O R. ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND THE RELATIVE IMPORTANCE OF MERCURY SOURCES. Presented at USGS 2004 Mercury Workshop, Reston, VA, August 17-18, 2004.
Bullock, O R. MODELING ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY IN CONTINENTAL AIR MASSES. Presented at International Workshop on Harmonization of Mercury Measurements Methods & Models to Assess Source-Receptors Impact on Air Quality & Human Health, Maratea, Italy, May 23-26, 2004.
2002
Bullock, O R. AND K. A. Brehme. ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY SIMULATION USING THE CMAQ MODEL: FORMULATION DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF WET DEPOSITION RESULTS. ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT 36(13):2135-2146, (2002).
2000
Bullock, O R. CURRENT METHODS AND RESEARCH STRATEGIES FOR MODELING ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY. FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY 65-66:459-471, (2000).
Bullock, O R. THE IMPORTANCE OF EMISSIONS SPECIATION TO THE ATMOSPHERIC TRANSPORT AND DEPOSITION OF MERCURY. Presented at EPA Conference on Assessing and Managing mercury from Historic and Current Mining Activities, San Francisco, CA, November 28-30, 2000.
1999
Bullock, O R. MERCURY MODELING AND MEASUREMENTS AND THEIR SOURCE CONTROL IMPLICATIONS. Presented at 1999 POP and Heavy Metals Workshop, Durham, NC, October 10-11, 1999.
Lunetta, R S., R Araujo, S L. Bird, L A. Burns, O R. Bullock, D. E. Carpenter, R. F. Carsel, K Endres, B H. Hill, K B. Jones, D J. Luecken, AND R G. Zepp. MID-ATLANTIC STRESSOR PROFILE ATLAS. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, EPA/600/C-99/003 (NTIS PB2002-101930), 1999.
Bullock, O R. MODELING ASSESSMENT OF TRANSPORT AND DEPOSITION PATTERNS OF MERCURY AIR EMISSIONS FROM THE U.S. AND CANADA. Presented at 5th International Conference on Mercury as a Global Pollutant, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, May 23-28, 1999.
1998
Franson, S E., G P. Toth, R. VanRemortel, O R. Bullock, D J. Luecken, R G. Zepp, AND S L. Bird. AN APPROACH TO THE ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPOSURE OF FORESTS TO MULTIPLE STRESSORS. Presented at SETAC, Seattle, WA, Aug. 17, 1998.
Bullock, O R., K. A. Brehme, AND G. Mapp. LAGRANGIAN MODELING OF MERCURY AIR EMISSION, TRANSPORT AND DEPOSITION: AN ANALYSIS OF MODEL SENSITIVITY TO EMISSIONS UNCERTAINTY. SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 213:1-12, (1998).
1995
Bullock, O R., W G. Benjey, AND M. H. Keating. THE MODELING OF REGIONAL-SCALE ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY TRANSPORT AND DEPOSITION USING RELMAP. 15th Annual Meeting of SETAC, Denver, CO, Oct. 3 - Nov 3, 1994.