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The process of molting, known alternatively as ecdysis, is a feature integral within the life-cycles of species across the arthropod phylum. Regulation occurs as a function of the interaction of ecdysteroid hormones with the arthropod nuclear ecdysone receptor (EcR) and triggerin...

The US EPA and other international regulatory agencies are required to evaluate certain chemicals for their ability to be &ldquo;endocrine disruptors&rdquo;, which includes testing for activity against the endocrine pathways, including the estrogen receptor (ER) pathway. The curr...

The US EPA and other international regulatory agencies are required to evaluate certain chemicals for their ability to be &ldquo;endocrine disruptors&rdquo;, which includes testing for activity against the estrogen receptor (ER) and androgen receptor (AR) pathways. The current te...

Flame retardants are chemical mixtures added to materials after manufacturing to reduce the amount of time it would take a small open flame to ignite the item. These compounds are volatile and continuously leach out of materials into the environment. Therefore, they are ubiquitou...

Thyroid hormones are critical for mammalian brain development. Thus, chemicals that can affect thyroid hormone signaling during pregnancy are of great concern. Perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS) is a widespread environmental contaminant found in human serum, breastmilk, and other ...

The adoption of systematic review practices for risk assessment includes integration of evidence obtained from experimental, epidemiological, and mechanistic studies. Although mechanistic evidence plays an important role in mode of action analysis, the process of sorting and anal...

Prediction of potential chemical-induced endocrine hazard and/or risk is relevant for chemical safety assessment internationally, and there are a number of publicly available tools for this purpose. A workflow for understanding chemical endocrinicity should begin with assessment ...

Interference with receptors of the endocrine system by xenobiotic chemicals is of great importance for protecting the health of humans and wildlife. Thyroid hormone receptors (TR) are critical endocrine receptors which regulate a multitude of processes in adult and developing org...

The simple bioenergetic models in the family of Dynamic Energy Budget (DEB) consist of a small number of state equations quantifying universal processes, such as feeding, maintenance, development, reproduction and growth. Linking these organismal level processes to underlying sub...

Introduction Thyroid hormones (TH) are critical for mammalian brain development. In humans, low maternal serum thyroxine (T4) levels are associated with neurological deficiencies and cognitive impairment. Perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS) is a widespread environmental contaminant...

High-throughput transcriptomic (HTTr) technologies are increasingly being used to screen environmental chemicals in vitro to identify molecular targets and provide mechanistic context for regulatory testing. Here, we describe the development and validation of a novel gene express...

Introduction Cyclic phenones are suspected endocrine disruptors used as UV radiation filters, and in the manufacturing of insecticides/pharmaceuticals. Understanding of the estrogenic potential of these chemicals in the context of a defined ER-mediated Adverse Outcome Pathway (AO...

Thyroid hormones (THs; T3 and T4) play a role in development of numerous organ systems, including cardiovascular, reproductive, immune and nervous systems. As such, the interpretation of TH changes from rat and mouse studies (during pregnancy, in fetuses, neonates, and adults) is...

Screening technologies have been developed to identify xenobiotic chemicals that bind nuclear receptors and thus have potential for adverse health effects through disruption of endocrine function. However, the focus has been on human receptors despite environmental exposure to a ...

System biology models holistically describe, in a quantitative fashion, the relationships between different levels of a biologic system. Relationships between individual components of a system are delineated. System biology models describe how the components of the system inter...

Disruption of thyroid hormone signaling is a form of endocrine disruption that is of concern to both human health and ecosystems. Research is being conducted to define the biological targets chemicals may interact with to disrupt thyroid hormone signaling and the stages in develo...

For utilities that have PFAS in their source water at concentrations of health concern Eliminate source of PFAS to the source water Either choose a new source of water or choose a technology, design, and operational scheme that will reduce PFAS to safe levels at the lowest possib...

Quantitative high-throughput (qHTS) testing formats have gained acceptance and widespread recognition in the field of toxicity testing of environmental compounds in recent years. As a result, significant progress has been made with respect to identification of compounds that modu...

For utilities that have PFAS in their source water at concentrations of health concern. Eliminate source of PFAS to the source water. Either choose a new source of water or choose a technology, design, and operational scheme that will reduce PFAS to safe levels at the lowest po...

Increasing efficiency and declining cost of generating whole transcriptome profiles has made high-throughput transcriptomics (HTTr) a practical option for determining bioactivity thresholds in in vitro models. Image-based phenotypic profiling is a chemical screening method that m...

BFRs belong to a growing group of organohalogen chemicals. They can be highly persistent, bioaccumulative and cause adverse effects in humans and wildlife. Although some BFRs are banned or voluntarily withdrawn from usage by the manufacturer, emerging and existing BFRs continue t...

ABSTRACTWorldwide concern about the impacts of endocrine disrupting compounds on both human and environmental health has led to implementation of multiple screening and testing programs. In most cases these programs have focused on impacts to the estrogen, androgen and thyroid h...

Exposure to endocrine disrupting contaminants can compromise testosterone production and lead to abnormal male reproductive development and altered spermatogenesis. In vitro high throughput screening (HTS) assays are needed to evaluate risk to testosterone production, yet the mai...

The US EPA is developing more cost effective and efficient ways to evaluate chemical safety using high throughput and computationally based testing strategies. An important component of this approach is the ability to translate chemical effects on fundamental biological processes...

The US EPA is developing more cost effective and efficient ways to evaluate chemical safety using high throughput and computationally based testing strategies. An important component of this approach is the ability to translate chemical effects on fundamental biological processes...