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Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a diverse set of commercial chemicals widely detected in humans and the environment. However, only a limited number of PFAS are associated with epidemiological or experimental data for hazard identification. To provide developmental ...

Thyroid hormone system disruption and adverse effects on the developing brain; recent scientific advancements in ATHENA and a regulatory way forward Introduction: Adequate supplies of thyroid hormones (TH) are crucial for proper brain development. Exogenous substances that can di...

Considering the complex interrelationships between chemical and non-chemical stressors and health and well-being.

Overview presentation to inform CHPAC about current ORD intramural and STAR funded research addressing children&rsquo;s environmental health.&nbsp; Examples presented included research on health schools and daycares, cumulative exposures (the Total Environment), climate change, c...

<h3>Background</h3> <p>EPA’s Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) Program is developing an updated assessment of inorganic arsenic. See the chemical information page tab for the most up-to-date information about the status of this assessment.</p> <h4>Assessment History</...

Despite twenty years of biomonitoring studies of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), we have a limited understanding of concentrations in breast milk from the US and Canada. The lack of information on PFAS levels in breast milk and the implications for breastfed infants a...

From August 31 – September 2, 2020, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s Office of Research and Development (EPA-ORD) held a virtual workshop with public health, health care, and health care system practitioners to discuss environmental health priorities within their fields...

Background and aim: Air pollution comprises a mixture of gases and small particles, including metals, and has been associated with changes in mean birthweight (BW). Often, studies estimate exposure for a single metal in isolation or multiple metals simultaneously, but rarely eval...

The presentation highlights the collaboration between ORD and OLEM in the development, release, and evaluation of Integrated Exposure Uptake Biokinetic (IEUBK) model version 2.0. The audience is introduced to the multiple media by which lead exposures occur, biomarkers of lead in...

The Clean Air Act requires periodic (5-year) update revision of criteria and National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for Ozone. The previous revision of the criteria contained in the Air Quality Criteria Document (AQCD) for Ozone and Related Photochemical Oxidants was co...

Infants are exposed to environmental chemicals via many routes including ingestion of breast milk. Persistent organic pesticides are environmental chemicals that are found in measurable concentrations in human populations and biological media even though some of these chemicals ...

While thyroid disease has a complex etiology in patients, exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) is correlated with reduced serum thyroxine (T4) in some populations. As thyroid hormones control brain development in children, determining the health effects of EDCs is pa...

Knowledge of the ontogeny of Phase I and Phase II metabolizing enzymes may be used to inform children's vulnerability based upon likely differences in internal dose from xenobiotic exposure. This might provide a qualitative assessment of toxicokinetic (TK) variability and uncerta...

Adverse childhood behavioral outcomes have been linked to low quality intrauterine environments caused by prenatal exposures to both chemical and non-chemical stressors. The effect of the many stressors a child can be prenatally exposed to may be influenced by complex interactiv...

Persistent organic pesticides are environmental chemicals that are found in measurable concentrations in human populations even though some of these chemicals have been phased out of use, production, or release to the environment. Many of these chemicals are lipophilic compounds ...

The global disease burden resulting from exposure to traffic emissions is a growing worldwide public health threat. Children&mdash;from infancy to the age of 14&mdash; are especially susceptible to the health effects of traffic emissions due to their rapidly developing immune, ne...

Children&rsquo;s consumer products represent an important exposure source for many toxicants. Chemicals of high concern, as designated by the Washington State Child Safe Product Act include phthalates, Bisphenol A (BPA) and parabens, among others. As regulation and reporting requ...

Background: Children are exposed to chemical and non-chemical stressors from their built, natural, and social environments. Research is needed to advance our scientific understanding of non-chemical stressors, evaluate how they alter the biological response to a chemical stressor...

This presentation will summarize the past 20 years of our research in this area. The presentation will demonstrate the application of quantitative PCR in quantifying fungi/molds.

Children may be more vulnerable to the combined interactions of chemical and non-chemical stressors from their built, natural, and social environments when compared to adults. Up to 20% of children are diagnosed with a mental illness annually in the United States with a large num...

As EPA works with its federal partners to better coordinate activities and implement the overall federal effort to reduce childhood lead exposures and associated health impacts, the Agency is continuing its efforts to reduce lead exposures as described under the following goals:G...

Children are exposed to a wide variety of chemical and non-chemical stressors at each lifestage throughout their lifecourse, potentially impacting their lifelong health and well-being. To understand potential chemical exposures, we collect and analyze multimedia (e.g., air, water...

Xenobiotic exposures affect the maternal and/or in utero environment resulting in impairments in fetal development. During the period of rapid fetal growth, underdeveloped cardiovascular systems are especially vulnerable to their environment. Furthermore, fetal exposures can evok...

Cortical heterotopias are characterized as clusters of ectopic neurons in the brain, and are associated with neurodevelopmental disorders like epilepsy and learning disabilities in patients. We have previously characterized the robust penetrance of a heterotopia in a rat model, i...

Boron was last updated on IRIS in the late 1980's . Since that time new studies have provided developmental data in three species. The goal of this updated IRIS file is to re-assess the RfD based on new research and updated methodology, specifically application of the benchmark a...