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The skin is an essential organ because it protects the internal organs from the outside environment, maintains body water, regulates temperature, and provides overall support to the body. The skin has two main elements, the outer epidermis and the underlying dermis. The cells of ...

Estuaries provide a suite of ecosystem services to people but are also under heavy stress from human development including excess nutrient loading and alterations in benthic habitat that affect nutrient cycling. Here we examine the interaction of two important and common ecosyste...

Susceptibility to xenobiotic exposures is variable. One factor that might account for this is the microbiome, which encompasses all microorganisms, their encoded genes, and associated functions that colonize a host organism. Microbiota harbor the capacity to affect the toxicokine...

The International Workshop on Genotoxicity Testing (IWGT) meets every four years to seek consensus on difficult or conflicting approaches to genotoxicity testing based upon experience, available data, and analysis techniques. At the 2017 IWGT meeting in Tokyo, one working group a...

There are several known adverse health effects in the skin following overexposure to ultraviolet (UV) light from the sun. Acute effects from UV light overexposure include erythema, immunosuppression and burns; chronic effects include photoaging and cancer. Occurrence of skin canc...

Physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models are a well-accepted tool used by regulatory agencies for multiple risk assessment applications. These applications include exposure route extrapolation, exposure scenario extrapolation, and cross-species extrapolation. All of th...

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Natural capital accounting is a method of assessing the contribution of ecosystems to the economy, making the links between natural and economic systems more clear. While the System of Environmental-Economic Accounts&rsquo; Central Framework (developed by the U.N. and other inter...

The nation&rsquo;s economic accounts provide objective, regular, and standardized information routinely relied upon by public and private decision makers. But they are incomplete. The U.S. and many other nations currently do not account for the natural capital &mdash; such as the...

The EPA&rsquo;s ACE research program and Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards (OAQPS) co-sponsored a &ldquo;Wildfire Smoke Health Risk Management and Communication Workshop&rdquo; with the goal to identify opportunities for research and technological solutions that could ...

Nanomaterials peculiar attributes are being explored for the benefits of the society; however, the widespread use of these materials are expected to contaminate the environment. For example, nanomaterials can reach the agricultural fields through the addition of sewage sludge (bi...

The overarching goal of USEPA’s Sustainable and Healthy Communities Research Program (SHCRP) is to inform and empower decision makers to equitably weigh and integrate human health, socio-economic, environmental, and ecological factors to foster sustainability in the built and nat...

Microcystins are the most common group of cyanobacterial hepatotoxins found in freshwater in the U.S., and microcystin-LR (MCLR) is one of the most common forms. Understanding its spectrum of effects and dose-response relationships depends on consistent experimental results which...

<br>This workshop will provide an up-to-date overview on key issues related to cancer risk assessment of arsenic: carcinogenic mechanisms; application of mechanistic information to risk assessment models; and the development of the MCL for arsenic in drinking water. The two prese...

Transcriptomic biomarkers can be used to inform molecular initiating and key events involved in a toxicant&rsquo;s mode of action. To address the limited approaches available for identifying epigenotoxicants, we developed and assessed a transcriptomic biomarker of histone deacety...

Understanding the effects of human activity on coral reef ecosystems requires knowing what characteristics constitute a high quality coral reef and identifying measurable criteria. The Biological Condition Gradient (BCG) is a conceptual model that describes how biological attribu...

BACKGROUND: There is a strong need for laboratory in vitro test systems for the toxicity of airborne particulate matter and nanoparticles. The measurement of oxidative stress potential offers a promising way forward. OBJECTIVES: A workshop was convened involving leading workers f...

We used the ecohydrology model, VELMA, in the Trask River watershed to simulate the effects of environmental change scenarios on estuarine river inputs to the Tillamook Bay (Oregon) estuary. The Trask River watershed is 453 km2 and contains extensive agriculture, silviculture, u...

We developed a broadly applicable watershed simulator – VELMA (Visualizing Ecosystem and Land Management Assessments) – to characterize hydrological and ecological processes essential to the healthy functioning of watersheds, and to identify best management practices (BMPs) for r...

An EPA Western Ecology Division (WED) watershed modeling team has been working with the Snoqualmie Tribe Environmental and Natural Resources Department to develop VELMA watershed model simulations of the effects of historical and future restoration and land use practices on strea...

A rapidly developing biofuels industry in the U.S. and around the globe poses novel environmental challenges and opportunities, with implications for teh health and sustainability of fisheries. Changes in land uses and agricultural practices for production of biofuel feedstocks ...

Air pollution is recognized as causal factor in cardiovascular disease (CVD) and is associated with multiple CVD risk factors. Substantial research effort has been invested in understanding the linkages between genetic variation and CVD risk, resulting in over 50 CVD-associated g...

Perfluorobutyrate (PFBA) has been detected in precipitation, surface waters, water treatment effluent, and in public and private wells in Minnesota at up to low mug/L concentrations. We evaluated the pharmacokinetics of PFBA in rats, mice, monkeys, and humans to provide a rationa...

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are several layers of one-atom thick sheets of carbon. MWCNTs are hollow cylinders with a large length to diameter ratio. MWCNTs can improve the mechanical, electrical and thermal conductivity of many products so they are used in a wide vari...

Human exposure to environmental chemicals can result in acute neurotoxicity (NT), negatively impacting brain activity for short and/or long periods of time. In vitro microelectrode array (MEAs) recordings of neural network function following chemical exposure can be used to scree...