Science Inventory

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Since 1958, cyanuric acid and two chlorinated cyanurates, commonly referred to as dichlor (anhydrous sodium dichloroisocyanurate or sodium dichloroisocyanurate dihydrate) or trichlor (trichloroisocyanuric acid), have been added to outdoor swimming pools to stabilize chlorine resi...

The extent of urban ecological homogenization depends on how humans build, inhabit, and manage cities. Morphological and socio-economic facets of neighborhoods can drive the homogenization of forest cover, thus affecting urban ecological and hydrological processes, and ecosystem...

Nanomaterials are extensively used in several industry sectors due to the improved properties they empower commercial products with. There is a pressing need to produce these materials more sustainably. This paper proposes a Multiple Criteria Decision Aiding (MCDA) approach to as...

SETAC is a tripartite organization comprised chiefly of three sectors: academia, government, and industry. Collaborative connections within and among these sectors provide the basis for scientific structural integrity. Such interactions generally foster scientific integrity, tra...

Complete ammonia oxidation (comammox) to nitrate in certain Nitrospira-lineage bacteria (CMX) could be problematic to engineered biological nitrogen removal (BNR) processes due to the ability of CMX to compete for substrates with ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), nitrite-oxidizin...

This study was conducted to compare the cardiac effects of particulate matter (PM)-enhanced and ozone(O3)-enhanced smog atmospheres in mice. We hypothesized that O3-enhanced smog would cause greater cardiac dysfunction than PM-enhanced smog due to the higher concentrations of irr...

In this work, a novel composite, ball-milled biochar (BMB) encapsulated in calcium-alginate (CA) beads (CA-BMB), was synthesized as an alternative adsorbent for the removal of methylene blue (MB) from an aqueous solution. Sorption performance was compared among CA, BMB, and CA-BM...

Various emerging technologies challenge existing governance processes to identify, assess, and manage risk. Though the existing risk-based paradigm has been essential for assessment of many chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear technologies, a complementary approach may...

Forest-water reuse (FWR) systems treat municipal, industrial, and agricultural wastewaters via land application to forest soils. Previous studies have shown that both large-scale conventional wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and FWR systems do not completely remove many contam...

Gaseous and particulate emissions generated from the combustion of coal have been associated with adverse effects on human health and the environment, and have therefore been the subject of regulation by federal and state government agencies. Detailed emission characterizations ...

Evaluation of soil arsenic (As) relative bioavailability (RBA) is essential to accurately assess human exposure to As contaminated soils via the incidental ingestion pathway. A variety of animal bioassays have been developed to estimate As RBA in contaminated soils and dusts, wit...

Epidemiology studies over the past 5 decades have provided convincing evidence that air pollution exposure is associated with multiple adverse health outcomes, including increased mortality. Air pollution is a complex mixture of particles, vapors, and gases emitted from natural ...

Water quality data at gaging stations are typically compared with established federal, state, or local water quality standards to determine if violations (concentrations of specific constituents falling outside acceptable limits) have occurred. Based on the frequency and severity...

The Tox21 program is re-focusing toxicity testing from animal studies to less expensive and higher throughput in vitro methods using target/pathway-specific, mechanism-driven assays. Consistent with this effort, we used a tiered testing approach to prioritize for more extensive t...

Quantitative high-throughput (qHTS) testing formats have gained acceptance and widespread recognition in the field of toxicity testing of environmental compounds in recent years. As a result, significant progress has been made with respect to identification of compounds that modu...

Interest in connectivity has increased in the aquatic sciences, partly because of its relevance to the Clean Water Act. This paper has two objectives: (1) Provide a framework to understand hydrological, chemical, and biological connectivity, focusing on how headwater streams and ...

Concern over dwindling water supplies for urban areas as well as environmental degradation from existing urban water systems has motivated research into more resilient and sustainable water supply strategies. Greywater reuse has been suggested as a way to diversify local water su...

Differences in animal distributions and metabolic demands can influence energy and nutrient flow in an ecosystem. Through taxa-specific nutrient consumption, storage, and remineralization, animals may influence energy and nutrient pathways in an ecosystem. Here we show these taxa...

Assessing human exposures to chemicals in consumer products requires composition information. However, comprehensive composition data for products in commerce are not generally available. Many consumer products have reported ingredient lists that are constructed using specific gu...

The accurate representation of aerosols in climate models requires direct ambient measurement of the size- and composition-dependent particle production fluxes. Here, we present the design, testing, and analysis of data collected through the first instrument capable of measuring ...

Several models were used to describe the partitioning of ammonia, water, and organic compounds between the gas and particle phases for conditions in the southeastern US during summer 2013. Existing equilibrium models and frameworks were found to be sufficient, although additional...

In aquatic ecosystems, biological indicators are used in concert with nutrient concentration data to identify habitat impairments related to cultural eutrophication. This approach has been less commonly implemented in coastal areas due to the dominance of physical conditions in s...

Low Impact Development (LID) is an alternative to conventional urban stormwater management practices, which aims at mitigating the impacts of urbanization on water quantity and quality. Plot and local scale studies provide evidence of LID effectiveness; however, little is known a...

Cylindrospermopsin (CYN) is a toxin associated with numerous species of freshwater cyanobacteria throughout the world. It is thought to have caused an episode of serious illness in Australia through treated drinking water, as well as lethal effects in livestock exposed to water ...

The data contained in this article are PubMed search strings and search string builders used to curate breath research manuscripts published from 1995–2016 and the respective number of articles found that satisfied the search requirements for selected categories. Breath sampling ...