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A random walk particle tracking approach was developed to analyze the advection and dispersion processes of the solute transport in a circular pipe. Stochastic difference equations were derived to model a solute particle’s two-dimensional random movement in the cross-section of a...

The use of Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in industrial applications predates analytical techniques for their identification in environmental matrices, leaving a gap in historical contamination records (Kissa et al., 2001). One way to determine past PFAS contamination...

The use of Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in industrial applications predates analytical techniques for their identification in environmental matrices, leaving a gap in historical contamination records (Kissa et al., 2001). One way to determine past PFAS contamination...

Modeling Water Age in Premise Plumbing Systems

Our nation's water infrastructure is in need of billions of dollars of repairs, upgrades, and replacements. This presentation provides an overview of recent EPA Office of Research and Development research on the topic of resilient water infrastructure, including free models and t...

Drinking water utilities are vulnerable to both human-caused and natural disasters that can impact the system infrastructure and the delivery of potable water to consumers. Resilience analysis can help utilities identify high-risk areas in their system and understand how to bette...

This presentation provides a general overview of EPA's modeling tools and associated water quality sensor research. Tool functionality is described and how they interact or are informed by sensor research will be discussed during the presentation. Tools include EPANET, EPANET-MSX...

The use of EPANET for modeling water age with specific discussions to highlight why determining water age is important, how to interpret results, and provides some best practices using EPANET. The results should be useful to anyone interested in water quality modeling using EPANE...

Eutrophication due to anthropogenic nutrient loading has resulted in an increase in the geographic area, frequency, intensity, and duration of hypoxic events within coastal environments. Eutrophication, and additional pathways of hypoxia such as freshwater-induced stratification,...

Resilience analysis of critical infrastructure is inherently complex and requires the integration of diverse data and disparate models in a cohesive analysis to produce meaningful decision support.  In this presentation, we discuss recent updates to the Water Network Tool for Res...

Drinking water utilities face multiple challenges, including aging infrastructure, water quality concerns, pipe breaks, natural disasters, environmental emergencies, and terrorist attacks. All of these have the potential to disrupt service to customers and damage critical infrast...

Surface water quality models are critically important tools for managing our nation's surface waters. At the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, quantitative models are used to help local communities and environmental managers better understand how surface waters change in resp...

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and Sandia National Laboratories have developed the Water Network Tool for Resilience (WNTR) to quantify resilience of drinking water distribution systems. WNTR is a Python package designed to simulate disaster scenarios and analyze impact...

Book Chapter Discussing Modeling Water Quality in Premise Plumbing System, state of the science review

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and Sandia National Laboratories have developed the Water Network Tool for Resilience (WNTR) to quantify resilience of drinking water distribution systems. WNTR is a Python package designed to simulate disaster scenarios and analyze impact...

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and Sandia National Laboratories have developed the Water Network Tool for Resilience (WNTR) to quantify resilience of drinking water distribution systems. WNTR is a Python package designed to simulate disaster scenarios and analyze impact...

This chapter introduces the Water Network Tool for Resilience (WNTR) and how it can be used to evaluate drinking water distribution system (WDS) resilience. At the end of this chapter, the reader will be able to install and run WNTR, set up and run various disaster scenario simul...

Contaminants of Emerging Concern (CECs), as a class of chemicals and biological stressors, are typically found at low concentrations, are difficult to measure, and can be linked to many on-going and historic sources.  The challenge with source identification and control is that i...

United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has developed a collection of microservices called Hydrologic Micro Services (HMS) for building hydrologic and water quality modeling workflows. HMS components are available as RESTful web services as well as desktop libraries. ...

EPANET has been used widely to model hydraulics and water quality changes within drinking water distribution systems. One limitation of the EPANET water quality analysis was that it tracks the transport of only one soluble substance. A decade ago, EPA released an extension of EPA...

U.S. EPA&rsquo;s, Office of Research and Development&rsquo;s (ORD&rsquo;s) East Fork Watershed Study (EFWS) centers attention on the integration of water quality modeling and monitoring, excess nutrient management, and the partnership needed to effectively implement nutrient redu...

Wildfires are widespread disturbances that influence the structure of ecosystems in the forested landscapes of the western United States. After decades of natural resource policies that suppressed fire activity on the landscape, changes in climate and forest conditions are increa...

The two Category-5 hurricanes that impacted the U.S. Virgin Islands in 2017 exposed critical infrastructure vulnerabilities that needs to be addressed. While the water utility has first-hand knowledge about how the hurricanes impacted their systems, the use of modeling and simula...

Models developed by contractors are a commonly applied tool used by environmental managers to evaluate policy and management decisions. However, models are rarely transparent, and can present numerous challenges to correctly interpret model performance and assess model results. T...

Perhaps no other pollutant has been as impactful and controversial as &ldquo;dioxin,&rdquo; leading to decades of extensive, worldwide research and regulatory policies.&nbsp; The story of how this family of pollutants came to drive such a deluge of scientific research, public int...