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The transcriptomic-based reference values (TRV) is defined as an estimate of a daily oral dose that is likely to be without appreciable risk of adverse effects following chronic exposure.  The TRV is meant to protect both the exposed individual and population from effects other t...

The World Health Organization (WHO) assesses potential health risks of dioxin-like compounds using Toxic Equivalency Factors (TEFs). This study systematically updated the relative potency (REP) database underlying the 2005 WHO TEFs and applied advanced methods for quantitative in...

Background and purpose Dicyclohexyl phthalate (DCHP) is a high production volume phthalate ester with reproductive toxicity concerns. Previous research identified that DCHP reduced overall testosterone production and expression of 14 genes vital to reproductive development in a d...

The U.S. EPA has a long history of using New Approach Methodologies (NAMs) (e.g., read across and quantitative structure activity relationship) for hazard identification and modeling for exposure assessment. The agency continues to implement NAMs for new and existing chemicals to...

In 2005, the World Health Organization (WHO) re-evaluated Toxic Equivalency factors (TEFs) developed for dioxin-like compounds believed to act through the Ah receptor based on an updated database of relative estimated potency (REP)(REP2004&nbsp;database). This re-evalution identi...

Background and aims: A major contributor to household air pollution (HAP) in sub-Saharan Africa is reliance on unclean fuel sources. Improved cookstove technology (ICT) interventions have been promoted as a potential solution, but their impacts on health are unclear. Our aim is t...

It is imperative to develop sampling and analytical methods to characterize FTOHs in indoor air for the development of mass transfer models to quantitatively predict FTOH emissions and transport for exposure assessment and risk management. This standard describes thermal desorpti...

This White Paper describes current U.S. EPA practices associated with dose additive methods for human health risk assessments of chemical mixtures. It discusses challenges associated with the use of toxicological information and individual chemical dose response information when ...

Human health risk assessment often evaluates multiple endpoint variables in order to form a comprehensive picture of the toxicity effects of an environmental chemical or toxicant. Benchmark&nbsp;dose&nbsp;(BMD)&nbsp;modeling&nbsp;is&nbsp;a flexible method that takes the shape of ...

This workshop will cover applied benchmark dose-response (BMD) modeling and analysis with a special emphasis on practical issues in the context of risk assessment. Participants will learn basics for BMD modeling of dichotomous and continuous response data and be given the tools t...

We categorized more than 60,000 chemical substances by broad pathways of exposure: consumer, industrial, pesticide, food, pharmaceuticals, and other pathways. &nbsp;These pathway categorizations can be used as a training set for automated read-across of chemical exposure pathways...

ChemExpo is an interactive web application for exploring chemical data, curated from public documents, relevant to exposure assessment. ChemExpo currently surfaces data collected by EPA about how chemicals are used in commerce and how they occur in consumer and industrial product...

Traditionally, risk assessment for environmental chemicals is based upon epidemiological and/or animal toxicity data. Since the release of the National Academy of Sciences Toxicity in the 21st Century: A Vision and a Strategy (2007) and Science and Decisions: Advancing Risk Asses...

Combined sewer overflow events (CSOs) often occur in urban areas due to heavy precipitation, which is expected to occur more frequently and at higher intensity due to climate change. CSOs can negatively impact wildlife, degrade recreational spaces, increase water nutrient loads l...

A battery of developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) new approach methodologies (NAMs) has been developed to evaluate key events in neurodevelopment, including proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, neurite outgrowth, synaptogenesis, and neural network formation. The integration of...

A battery of developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) new approach methodologies (NAMs) has been developed to evaluate key events in neurodevelopment, including proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, neurite outgrowth, synaptogenesis, and neural network formation. The integration of...

Background and Aim: Around the mid-1930s, the Home Owners&rsquo; Loan Corporation (HOLC) ranked urban neighborhoods as least to most desirable in terms of perceived mortgage stability. When evaluating the impacts of this racist practice (i.e., redlining), studies have not evaluat...

Thyroid hormones play key roles in physiological processes such as regulation of the metabolic and cardiac systems as well as the development of the brain and surrounding sympathetic nervous system. Recent efforts to screen environmental chemicals for their ability to alter thyro...

Exposure science is evolving from its traditional &ldquo;after the fact&rdquo; and &ldquo;one chemical at a time&rdquo; approach to&nbsp;forecasting&nbsp;chemical exposures rapidly enough to keep pace with the&nbsp;constantly expanding&nbsp;landscape of chemicals and exposures. I...

Harvesting precipitation from rooftops can increase community climate resilience by supplementing water supplies and reducing stormwater runoff.&nbsp; One of the barriers for implementing rooftop rainwater harvesting in the U.S. is limited risk-based treatment guidance for the us...

Exposure science in EPA&rsquo;s Office of Research and Development is being transformed from its traditional &ldquo;after the fact&rdquo; and &ldquo;one chemical at a time&rdquo; approach. Advances in computational exposure are providing foresight on exposure potential prior to t...

The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Office of Research and Development (ORD) is optimizing preconcentration-based gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analytical methods for determination of ultra-trace concentrations of ethylene oxide (EtO) in ambient...

Consumer products are a major source of chemical exposure and therefore potential risk. It is important to understand what chemicals are typically present in different types of products not only for risk evaluation but also to assess new products for similarity with existing ones...

Recent technological advancements have led to the development of new high-throughput profiling methods, such as transcriptomics, that can be used to rapidly screen environmental chemicals for potential hazards. It is now feasible to profile all protein-coding genes across thousan...

This product evaluates various methods to determine the presence of leaded materials within premise plumbing, particularly lead service lines, but considers all lead sources. This can be done in numerous ways from innovative tap sampling methods, novel sensors and visual inspecti...