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Sodium fluoroacetate is a highly lethal pesticide, which is registered for use to control livestock. It does not have a known antidote and is stable in potable water. If a water contamination incident with this pesticide were to occur, a fast, robust analytical method would be ne...

This paper presents a Stormwater Emergency Response Framework (SERF) for use in the containment and treatment of stormwater runoff following a hazardous material release. The framework consists of four high level process steps and a decision tree. These resources are intended to ...

EPA Report; Results for cesium and cobalt showed that metal adhesion to conditioned infrastructure materials was undetectable. Strontium was detected on concrete coupons at levels above the method detection limit. However, further analyses of the concrete suggested that stront...

Virus adsorption to colloidal particles is an important issue in the water quality community. Namely, if viruses can quickly and strongly associate to colloids, this can potentially lead to significant implications for management of biohazardous wastes at water resource recovery ...

This report summarizes the results of infrastructure decontamination experiments performed at the WSTB. These experiments focused on simulating contamination of drinking water distribution pipes with untreated source water due to a treatment failure at a water treatment facility...

This is a final report for the project on Development and Optimization of a Rapid Viability (RV) PCR Protocol for Detection of Yersinia pestis in water. During a plague bioterrorism incident or a natural outbreak, the water system can be contaminated. This pathogen survives for m...

Flushing contaminated water out of the distribution system using the existing network of fire hydrants is considered the most probable first action in response to a drinking water system contamination incident. Hydrant Flushing and Chlorination experiments were conducted at the W...

Contaminated waters could contain harmful chemicals, which present management and disposal challenges. This study investigates three The results indicate that AOP pre-treatment can be a viable strategy to facilitate drain disposal of contaminated waters, but that eco-toxicit...

Development of numerical models to predict stormwater-mediated transport of pathogenic spores in the environment depends on an understanding of adhesion forces that dictate detachment after rain events. Zeta potential values were measured for Bacillus globgii and Bacillus thuring...

This is a final report for the project on Optimization of a Rapid Viability (RV) PCR Protocol for Detection of Francisella tularensis in water. During a tularemia bioterrorism incident or a natural outbreak, the water system can be contaminated. This pathogen survives for many da...

Activities for managing the security of water distribution systems assess and manage hazards that threaten water delivery, water quality, and physical and cybernetic infrastructure. This manuscript conducts a review of academic literature to report on the state-of-the-art in mode...

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and Sandia National Laboratories have developed the Water Network Tool for Resilience (WNTR) to quantify resilience of drinking water distribution systems. WNTR is a Python package designed to simulate disaster sceanrios and analyze impact...

The Water Security Toolkit (WST) is a suite of tools that help provide the information necessary to make good decisions resulting in the minimization of further human exposure to contaminants, and the maximization of the effectiveness of intervention strategies. WST assists in th...

Treatment Train: •Up to 10 gallons per minute •Pre-filtration to reduce turbidity and improve disinfection •Two media filtration/adsorption tanks for targeted chemical or radiological contaminant removal (e.g. Granular Activated Carbon or Ion Exchange) •UV LED for additional ...

The sorption and desorption properties of radionuclides onto common building materials such as concrete are critical factors in the improvement of techniques for mitigating a release of nuclear or radiological material to the urban environment. A potential option for the early p...

Building water systems (BWSs) promote the regrowth and survival of opportunistic pathogens, such as Legionella pneumophila, especially within biofilms (BFs), where most drinking water (DW) microbes reside. However, compared to their planktonic (PL) form, disinfection efficacy fo...

The objectives of this project were to evaluate the effectiveness of: (1) a physical scouring (pigging) technology for removing Bacillus globigii spores following intentional contamination of the Water Security Test Bed (WSTB). First responders and decision makers managing a wate...

This mobile treatment technology system in this study is referred to as the Water-On-Wheels (WOW) Cart. The mobile system originally consisted of a pre-filter, an on-site chlorine generator, and a pump attached to a dolly or frame with wheels. The frame also provided space to st...

Due to the occurrence of natural plague outbreaks and its historical usage as a biological weapon, Yersinia pestis is considered one of the high-priority biological threat agents. It can remain viable in certain environments including water for more than 100 days. The Rapid Viabi...

A radiological release from a radiological dispersal device (RDD) or an improvised nuclear device (IND) has the potential to contaminate a vast area both near the dispersal epicenter and via atmospheric deposition of small particles containing the more volatile contaminants. Rapi...

The drinking water distribution system is vulnerable to contamination, which presents challenges to maintaining good water quality and ensuring water availability. Decontamination of drinking water systems, following an intentional contamination incident or a natural disaster, is...

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is responsible for helping communities prepare for and recover from disasters that result in threats to public health and the environment. EPA’s National Homeland Security Research Center’s (NHSRC) mission is to focus on the research...

High pressure decontamination of certain surface building materials is concluded to be a promising rapid, readily available response technique, with the data from this study informing its practical implementation. Removal efficacy of radionuclides from concrete are high when perf...

Polymeric materials such as polyethylene and polypropylene are used extensively for drinking water applications. These materials are subject to permeation by organic compounds, such as those found in petroleum products and industrial chemicals, which can result in water quality i...

Sampling of drinking water distribution systems is performed to satisfy regulatory requirements but also to respond to customer complaints or emergency situations. Water distribution system modeling techniques can be used to plan and inform sampling strategies; however, a high de...