| Main Title |
Reviews of the environmental effects of pollutants : III, Chromium / |
| Author |
Towill, L. E. ;
Shriner, C. R. ;
Drury, J. S. ;
Hammons, A. S. ;
Holleman., J. W.
|
| Other Authors |
|
| CORP Author |
Oak Ridge National Lab., Tenn.;Department of Energy. |
| Publisher |
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Health Effects Research Laboratory, |
| Year Published |
1978 |
| Report Number |
EPA-600/1-78-023; W-7405-ENG-26 |
| Stock Number |
PB 282 796; ORNL/EIS-80 |
| Subjects |
Chromium--Toxicology ;
Pollution--Environmental aspects ;
Environmental health
|
| Additional Subjects |
Air pollution ;
Chromium ;
Cooling towers ;
Fossil-fuel power plants ;
Incinerators ;
Kidneys ;
Liver ;
Lungs ;
Man ;
Metal industry ;
Mucous membranes ;
Textile industry ;
Water pollution ;
Environmental effects ;
Neoplasms ;
Nutritional deficiency ;
Pathological changes ;
Reviews ;
Skin diseases ;
Ulcers ;
ERDA/560306 ;
ERDA/500200 ;
ERDA/520200 ;
ERDA/200200 ;
Environmental effects ;
Air pollution effects(Humans) ;
Toxic substances ;
Toxicology
|
| Internet Access |
|
| Holdings |
| Library |
Call Number |
Additional Info |
Location |
Last
Modified |
Checkout
Status |
| NTIS |
ORNL/EIS-80 |
Some EPA libraries have a fiche copy filed under the call number shown. |
|
07/26/2022 |
|
| Collation |
xvii, 285 p. : ill., maps ; 28 cm. |
| Abstract |
This study is a comprehensive, multidisciplinary review of the health and environmental effects of chromium and specific chromium compounds. Approximately 500 references are cited. Chromium is abundant in the earth's crust and is widely dispersed in the environment. It is used extensively in refractory materials and chemicals, as a plating to produce hard and smooth surfaces, to prevent corrosion, and in manufacturing stainless and alloy steels. Major atmospheric emissions of chromium arise from metal producing industries, coal-fired plants, municipal incinerators, and cooling towers. Major releases to water are chiefly from the electroplating metal-finishing, textile, and tanning industries. Harmful effects to man or animals seldom result from chromium in ambient air or public drinking water. Reported chromium toxicity occurs mainly from occupational exposure. Trivalent compounds are not highly toxic, but excessive exposure to dusts or mists of hexavalent chromium compounds produces dermatitis, skin lesions, and ulceration and perforation of the nasal septum, as well as liver and kidney damage. With long-term exposure to haxavalent chromium compounds, incidence of human lung cancer increases. No data suggest that these compounds are mutagenic or teratogenic risks. Trace levels of chromium are essential to mammalian life. Irreversible metabolic damage may result from long-standing chromium deficiency. As a result of the refinement of many foods, diets in the United States are often low in chromium; organs of Americans usually contain less chromium than corresponding organs of people from other nations. Except in the lungs, tissue chromium content decreases progressively with age, which suggests that intake of the biologically active chromium in the United States is marginal. (ERA citation 03:048908) |
| Notes |
Prepared for Health Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio. Includes bibliographies. |
| Place Published |
Cincinnati |
| Corporate Au Added Ent |
Health Effects Research Laboratory (Cincinnati, Ohio); Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Information Division. |
| Corp Au Ser Add Ent |
Publications ORNL-EIS ; 80. Oak Ridge National Laboratory. ; Publications ORNL-EIS ; 80. Oak Ridge National Laboratory. ; Publications ORNL-EIS ; 80. Oak Ridge National Laboratory. |
| PUB Date Free Form |
1978. |
| Series Title Traced |
Environmental health effects research series ; EPA-600/1-78-023 |
| Series Title Untraced |
Environmental health effects research series ; EPA-600/1-78-023\ ORNL/EIS ; 80 |
| Ti Tra Differently |
Chromium. |
| NTIS Prices |
PC A14/MF A01 |
| BIB Level |
m |
| Cataloging Source |
OCLC/T |
| Merged OCLC records |
664599028 |
| OCLC Time Stamp |
20030418131046 |
| Language |
eng |
| Origin |
NTIS |
| Type |
MERGE |
| OCLC Rec Leader |
01456cam 2200301Ii 45020 |
