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Main Title Carbon Monoxide Exposures Inside an Automobile Traveling on an Urban Arterial Highway.
Author Ott, W. ; Switzer, P. ; Willits, N. ;
CORP Author Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure Assessment Lab. ;Stanford Univ., CA. Dept. of Statistics. ;California Univ., Davis.
Publisher 1994
Year Published 1994
Report Number EPA/600/J-94/476;
Stock Number PB95-138285
Additional Subjects Carbon monoxide ; Environmental exposure ; Air pollution monitoring ; Reprints ; Air flow rates ; Confined environments ; Intake systems ; Vehicle air pollution ; Urban highways ; Arterial highways ; Urban intersections ; Automobile urban usage ; Driving simulation ; Motor vehicles ; California ; Vehicle interior
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Library Call Number Additional Info Location Last
Modified
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Status
NTIS  PB95-138285 Some EPA libraries have a fiche copy filed under the call number shown. 07/26/2022
Collation 11p
Abstract Carbon monoxide (CO) exposures were measured inside a motor vehicle during 88 standardized drives on a major urban arterial highway, El Camino Real (traffic volume of 30,500-45,000 vehicles per day), over a 13-1/2 month period. For the 88 trips, the mean CO concentration was 9.8 ppm, with a standard deviation of 5.8 ppm. Of 9 covariates that were examined to explain the variability in the mean CO exposures observed on the 88 trips (ambient CO at 2 fixed stations, atmospheric stability, seasonal trend function, time of day, average surrounding vehicle count, trip duration, proportion of time stopped at lights, and instrument type), a fairly strong seasonal trend was found. A model consisting of only a single measure of traffic volume and a seasonal trend component had substantial predictive power; by contrast, the ambient CO levels, although partially correlated with average exposures, contributed comparatively little predictive power to the model. This study shows: (1) the mass balance equation can relate exterior CO concentrations as a function of time to interior CO concentrations, (2) CO exposures on urban arterial highways vary with season, (3) momentary CO experienced behind red lights vary with the intersection, and (4) an averaging time model can simulate exposures during short trips (20 minutes or less) on urban arterial highways.
Supplementary Notes Pub. in Jnl. of Air and Waste Management Association, v44 p1010-1018. Prepared in cooperation with Stanford Univ., CA. Dept. of Statistics. and California Univ., Davis.
NTIS Title Notes Journal article.
Title Annotations Reprint: Carbon Monoxide Exposures Inside an Automobile Traveling on an Urban Arterial Highway.
Category Codes 68A; 85H; 91A
NTIS Prices PC A03/MF A01
Primary Description 600/09
Document Type NT
Cataloging Source NTIS/MT
Control Number 502019200
Origin NTIS
Type CAT