| Main Title |
Assessment of large-scale photovoltaic materials production. |
| Author |
Gandel, Martin G. ;
Dillard, Paul A. ;
Sears, D. Richard ;
Ko, S. M. ;
Bourgeois., S. V. ;
|
| Other Authors |
|
| CORP Author |
United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Research and Development. |
| Publisher |
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, |
| Year Published |
1977 |
| Report Number |
EPA-600/7-77-087; LMSC-HREC-TR-D497252; EPA-68-02-1331 |
| Stock Number |
PB-272 604 |
| OCLC Number |
56296596 |
| Additional Subjects |
Solar cells ;
Photovoltaic cells ;
Economic analysis ;
Commodity management ;
Silicon solar cells ;
Cadmium sulfide solar cells ;
Gallium arsenides ;
Raw materials ;
Production ;
Solar energy conversion ;
Photovoltaic conversion ;
Management planning ;
Solid waste disposal ;
Environmental impacts ;
Pollution ;
Toxicity ;
Process charting ;
Silicon chlorides ;
Forecasting ;
|
| Internet Access |
|
| Holdings |
| Library |
Call Number |
Additional Info |
Location |
Last
Modified |
Checkout
Status |
| ELBD ARCHIVE |
EPA 600/7-77-087 |
Received from HQ |
AWBERC Library/Cincinnati,OH |
10/04/2023 |
| ERAD |
EPA-600/7-77-087 |
|
Region 9 Library/San Francisco,CA |
04/27/2016 |
| ESAD |
EPA 600-7-77-087 |
|
Region 10 Library/Seattle,WA |
03/23/2010 |
| NTIS |
PB-272 604 |
Some EPA libraries have a fiche copy filed under the call number shown. |
|
07/26/2022 |
|
| Collation |
(Book 100 pages +). |
| Abstract |
Solar cell production at rates needed to supply continuously 1% of projected U.S. power requirements in the year 2000 is examined. Si and CdS are followed from raw material extraction to finished cell; GaAs is reviewed less thoroughly. Numerical data are developed for air, water, and solid wastes, and compared with corresponding effects of equivalent coal-electric power. Mass and energy balance data are derived from flow sheets developed for this report. For Si, major problems requiring engineering solutions are material and energy inefficiencies. Very large byproduct streams should be eliminated to increase yield by as much as 59% or decrease air pollutant releases by 37% on a process weight basis. Power consumption in cell production creates indirect air pollutant emissions over half as large as those created by the coal-burning plants silicon might replace. CdS and GaAs are not as energy inefficient. Their metallic raw materials are themselves byproducts of other smelting operations. Atmospheric cadmium releases, and the potential for Cd or As spills are major problem areas. |
| Notes |
EPA-600/7-77-087 August 1977. "Interagency energy-environment research and development program report" -- Cover. |
| Place Published |
Cincinnati, OH : |
| Highlights Notes |
Forecasts economic, engineering and environmental aspects of silicon, cadmium sulfide, and gallium arsenide solar cells. |
| Corporate Au Added Ent |
United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Research and Development. ; Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory (Cincinnati, Ohio). |
| Title Ser Add Ent |
US INTERAGENCY ENERGY ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT series ; ASSES. |
| NTIS Title Notes |
Final rept.. |
| PUB Date Free Form |
1977 |
| Series Title Traced |
Interagency energy-environment research and development program report |
| Series Title Untraced |
US INTERAGENCY ENERGY ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT series ; ASSES |
| Category Codes |
10B; 13H; 13B; 97N#; 94G; 68 |
| NTIS Prices |
PC A07/MF A01 |
| Primary Description |
600/12 |
| BIB Level |
m |
| Medium |
unmediated |
| Content |
text |
| Carrier |
volume |
| Cataloging Source |
OCLC/T |
| Control Number |
323725634 |
| OCLC Time Stamp |
20160408175109 |
| Language |
eng |
| Origin |
OCLC |
| Type |
MERGE |
| OCLC Rec Leader |
00964cam 2200289Mi 45020 |
