Record Display for the EPA National Library Catalog
RECORD NUMBER: 489 OF 508Main Title | Transformation Products of Synthetic Chemicals in the Environment [electronic resource] / | ||||
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Type | EBOOK | ||||
Author | Boxall, Alistair B. A. | ||||
Publisher | Springer Berlin Heidelberg, | ||||
Year Published | 2009 | ||||
Call Number | GE1-350 | ||||
ISBN | 9783540882732 | ||||
Subjects | Environmental sciences ; Analytical biochemistry ; Geochemistry ; Environmental chemistry | ||||
Internet Access |
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Collation | XIV, 249 p. online resource. | ||||
Notes | Due to license restrictions, this resource is available to EPA employees and authorized contractors only |
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Contents Notes | Formation, Detection and Occurrence of Transformation Products -- Mechanisms of Degradation of Synthetic Chemicals -- Predicting the Persistence of Organic Compounds -- Analyzing transformation products of synthetic chemicals -- Occurrence of Transformation Products in the Environment -- Exposure of Transformation Products -- Fate of Transformation Products of Synthetic Chemicals -- Modelling Environmental Exposure to Transformation Products of Organic Chemicals -- Treatment of Transformation Products -- Effects of Transformation Products -- Ecotoxicity of Transformation Products -- Predicting the Ecotoxicological Effects of Transformation Products. Following release to the environment, synthetic chemicals may be degraded by biotic and abiotic processes. The degradation of the chemical can follow a plethora of pathways and a range of other substances can be formed via thesedifferentpathways(e.g.[1]).Anumberoftermshavebeenusedforthese substances including metabolites, degradates and transformation products - in this book we use the term transformation products. While we often know a lot about the environmental properties and effects of the parent synthetic chemical, we know much less about the transformationproducts. Transformationproductscanbehave very differently fromtheparent c- pound (e.g. [2]). For example, selected transformation products are much more persistent than their associated parent compound in soils, waters and sediments andsomemaybetransported aroundthelocal,regionalandglobal environmentstoadifferentextentthantheparentcompound.Transformation products can also have very different toxicities than the parent compound (e.g. [3]) and in some cases transformation products can be orders of mag- tude more toxic than their parent compound; although this situation is rare. The environmental risks of transformation products can therefore be very different than the risks of the parent compound. Thepotentialenvironmentalimpactsoftransformationproductsarerec- nised by many regulatory assessment schemes. For example, in the EU, pes- cideproducersarenotonlyrequiredtoassessthefateandeffectsoftheparent pesticide but are also required to assess the potential adverse effects of major metabolitesandminor metabolitesthat aredeemed tobeofconcern[4]. S- ilar requirements also exist for new human and veterinary pharmaceuticals and biocides (e.g. [5]). However, for many older substances and many other substance classes (e.g. industrial chemicals), data on the environmental risks of transformationproductscan be limited or non-existent. |