Molecular Biology, Pharmacology, Anatomy, and Physiology of the Endocannabinoid and Related Lipidergic Signaling Systems in the Brain -- An Historical Introduction to the Endocannabinoid and Endovanilloid Systems -- Biosynthesis of Anandamide and 2-Arachidonoylglycerol -- Removal of Endocannabinoids by the Body: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Possibilities -- Other Cannabimimetic Lipid Signaling Molecules -- CB1 Cannabinoid Receptors: Molecular Biology, Second Messenger Coupling and Polarized Trafficking in Neurons -- CB2 Cannabinoid Receptors: Molecular, Signaling, and Trafficking Properties -- CB1 and CB2 Receptor Pharmacology -- Functional Molecular Biology of the TRPV1 Ion Channel -- Alternative Interacting Sites and Novel Receptors for Cannabinoid Ligands -- Anatomical Distribution of Receptors, Ligands and Enzymes in the Brain and in the Spinal Cord: Circuitries and Neurochemistry -- Endocannabinoids at the Synapse: Retrograde Signaling and Presynaptic Plasticity in the Brain -- Endocannabinoid Functions in Neurogenesis, Neuronal Migration, and Specification -- The Endocannabinoid System in Clinical Neuroscience and Experimental Neuropsychiatry -- Cannabinoids in the Management of Nausea and Vomiting -- Endocannabinoids in Energy Homeostasis and Metabolic Disorders -- Cannabinoids and Neuroprotection -- Neuroinflammation and the Glial Endocannabinoid System -- Targeting Cannabinoid Receptors in Brain Tumors -- Cannabinoids for the Control of multiple Sclerosis -- Endocannabinoids in Alzheimer's Disease -- The Endocannabinoid System as a Therapeutic Target in Epilepsy -- The Endocannabinoid System in the Physiology and Pathology of the Basal Ganglia -- The Endocannabinoid System is a Major Player in Schizophrenia -- The Cannabinoid Controversy: Cannabinoid Agonists and Antagonists as Potential Novel Therapies for Mood Disorders -- Role of Cannabinoid Receptors in Anxiety Disorders. In the last 15 years, a particular lipid messenger system has been discovered to be a guard and shaper of the life and activity of most human cell types from cradle to grave. Taking the nervous tissue as an example: the artistically complex endocannabinoid system provides promising therapeutic targets in cancer, epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's or Parkinson's diseases, inflammation, pain, schizophrenia, depression, and anxiety. Nevertheless, it is a little embarrassing that the word 'cannabinoid' still evokes the image of the hippies or hashish as the first associations not only in everyday people but in medical, scientific and legal professionals, respectively. Cannabinoids and the Brain is a timely compilation of thorough reviews, written by the world's leading neuroscience and clinical authors, covering the latest information concerning basic and clinical neuroscience of the endocannabinoid and related messenger systems. As Rimonabant(TM)¢, the first intentionally cannabinoid receptor-targeted medicine has been marketed in Europe since 2006, the authors consider it particularly important to include the central and peripheral pathomechanisms of metabolic disorders in the present volume. Cannabinoids and the Brain gives a comprehensive overview of all the essential literature concerning the endocannabinoid and related systems in the nervous tissue. It is a rapidly expanding research field and the widespread presence of cannabinoids in most physiopathological mechanisms appear to hinder the effort to fully cover the subject. By the end of the book, the reader will have a solid knowledge of the genetics, molecular biology, anatomy, pharmacology, and physiology of the endocannabinoid system and its involvement in neurological and psychiatric disorders, and will eventually discover a natural relationship among marijuana, aspirin, and chili pepper.