Abstract |
In the present report, it is concluded that a maximum incentive effect for a limitation of HCFC use can probably be achieved by: banning the use of XPS manufactured with HCFCs from 1995, except for ground insulation of roads and railways. HCFC use within the last-named areas should also be banned as from the year 2000;. banning HCFC use in district heating pipes from 1995;, banning HCFC use in PUR insulation from 1995, except for those applications that are classified in the CFC phaseout as special insulation purposes, where use is prohibited from 1998;, a charge of SEK 300 per kg will be introduced from 1995 on HCFC use as refrigerants in bulk and in products, with a revision of the level when experience has been gained. By ''use'' is meant here quantities not already banked in existing equipment;, a charge of SEK 600 per kg of CFCs will be introduced from 1995 on use of newly-manufactured CFCs and CFCs that can be used as refrigerants;, and introducing an environmental declaration within the refrigeration sector. Because the charges on HCFCs and CFCs are limited to their use as refrigerants, the administration of the charge system is simplified. Service and installation companies are affected to a small extent, but quite a few plant owners may incur high costs. This is particularly true of grocery stores with old plants. The environmental charge revenues create scope for giving financial assistance to conversions of older existing equipment, which may be needed, particularly in an initial phase. An incentive effect is achieved for a substantial portion of the HCFC usage. The ban on XPS - extruded polystyrene - affects 2 manufacturers and 2-3 importers. The recommendations for additional bans on certain applications must be accompanied by equivalent import restrictions, along the same lines as the restrictions that have already been imposed on certain imports of certain categories of products manufactured with CFCs and HCFCs |