Abstract |
The industrial wastewater profile covers the Petroleum Refinery industry in the United States as defined by Standard Industrial Classification 2911 of the U. S. Department of Commerce. It does not cover the production of crude oil or natural gas from wells or the natural gasoline and other operations associated with such production. Transportation of petroleum products is covered only to the extent that it is a part of refinery pollution control, such as treatment of ballast water. The principal areas of discussion are: the fundamental manufacturing processes and their patterns of use, water use and reuse, waste quantities and characteristics, waste reduction practices (including both waste treatment and in-plant processing) and their effectiveness, and waste treatment costs. In each area of discussion trends have been projected to or estimates made for the situation expected in 1977. |