Includes bibliographical references.

"High energy density (HED) science has critical applications for society from fusion energy to sustaining the U.S. nuclear deterrent, while also contributing to broader scientific questions such as understanding planets and their origins. The next decade of HED science will be instrumental to growing our understanding and in the development of new technologies and processes. This report identifies key challenges and science questions for the field for the coming decade and proposes ways to address them"-- Executive Summary -- 1 High Energy Density Science : Understanding Matter at Extremes -- 2 Recent Progress and Opportunities -- 3 Opportunities and Grand Challenges -- 4 Human Capacity -- 5 International Aspects of High Energy Density Science -- Appendixes. [Appendix] A: Approaches to Inertial Confinement Fusion -- [Appendix] B: Tools of High Energy Density Science -- [Appendix] C: Examples of High Energy Density Experimental Facilities in the United States -- [Appendix] D: List of All Report Recommendations -- [Appendix] E: Committee Activities -- [Appendix] F: Requests Sent to National Laboratories -- [Appendix] G: Committee Biographies.