The Fifth International Conference was held in Monterey, California, November 16-20, 1998. One of the key themes was making compliance and enforcement happen. The conference program included over thirty special topics. To ensure small group discussions the target for the Fifth Conference was held to no more than 250 persons with specific allocations for 153 individual countries and international organizations. Historically, there had been exponential growth in the numbers and representation of governmental and non-governmental officials participating in the Conferences. This growth was directly related to the progress and interest in environmental enforcement and contacts and relationships established since all participants are personally invited based upon research into their ability to influence the design or enhancement of environmental compliance and enforcement programs. Since 1990, and every two years since, the number of countries and international organizations participating in the International Conferences, from Utrecht to Budapest, and from Oaxaca to Chiang Mai doubled, a pattern which will obviously change given the success of the conferences in reaching more and more countries and levels of government.